光固化紫外线涂料的原材料成分有哪些?
Quick answer: For practical formulation work, photoinitiator screening starts with the light source and film build, then checks yellowing, adhesion, and cure completeness under real production conditions.
紫外线固化(UV)涂料是一种新型环保涂料。它的干燥速度极快,只需几秒钟就能在紫外线照射下固化,生产效率高。
紫外线固化涂料主要由低聚物、活性稀释剂、光引发剂和添加剂组成。
1. 紫外线低聚物
成膜物是涂料的主要成分,是涂料中的流体组分。涂料的涂膜性能、施工性能和其他特殊性能主要取决于成膜物。UV 涂料的成膜物是低聚物,其性能基本上决定了固化前涂料的施工性能和光固化率,固化后涂料的涂膜性能和其他特殊性能。
紫外线涂料主要是自由基光固化体系,因此使用的低聚物是各种类型的丙烯酸树脂。阳离子紫外线涂料低聚物是环氧树脂和乙烯基醚化合物。
2.活性稀释剂
活性稀释剂是 UV 涂料的另一种重要成分,它可以稀释和降低粘度,还具有调节固化膜性能的作用。丙烯酸酯官能团单体具有高反应活性和低挥发性,因此常用于 UV 涂料中。丙烯酸酯常用作 UV 涂料的活性稀释剂,在实际配方中,单官能团、双官能团和多官能团丙烯酸酯会一起使用,使其性能互补,达到良好的整体效果。
3.光引发剂
光引发剂是 UV 涂料中的一种特殊催化剂,它是 UV 涂料的重要组成部分,决定了 UV 涂料的光固化速度。
For colorless varnish UV coatings, photoinitiators are often used 1173, 184, 651 and BP/tertiary amine. 184 high activity, low odor, yellowing resistance, is the preferred photoinitiator for yellowing resistant UV coatings, in order to improve the light curing rate, often used in conjunction with 光引发剂 TPO.
For colored UV coatings, photoinitiators such as ITX, 907, 369, 光引发剂 TPO, and 光引发剂 819 are commonly used. Sometimes UV coatings in order to reduce oxygen blocking, improve the light curing rate, often into a small amount of active amine.
4.添加剂
助剂是 UV 涂料的辅助成分。助剂的作用是改善涂料的加工性能、贮存性能和施工性能,提高涂膜性能,赋予涂膜某些特殊功能等。UV 涂料中常用的助剂有消泡剂、流平剂、润湿分散剂、附着力促进剂、消光剂、抗蚀剂等,它们在 UV 涂料中发挥着不同的作用。
UV 打印机的气味有毒吗?
UV 打印机是一种顺应绿色环保的打印设备。由于UV打印机固化方式的特殊性,在UV光固化过程中,难免会产生一些异味。很多已经购买或打算购买 UV 打印机的朋友,对于气味都存在这样的疑问:气味是否有毒,如何处理?
当然,用户对气味的担心是正常的,尤其是那些不太清楚UV打印机打印工艺的用户,在使用平板UV打印机打印大幅面材料时,气味会更加明显。要回答上述问题,我们首先应该了解 UV 打印机墨水的成分。毕竟,气味的来源就在 UV 墨水中。
UV 油墨主要由光引发剂、活性稀释剂、低聚物和各种添加剂组成。UV 打印机墨层的形成是:光引发剂吸收紫外线产生自由基或阳离子,引起活性稀释剂和低聚物的聚合交联反应。气味主要来自 UV 油墨中的丙烯酸酯,也有少量来自添加剂。异味会在短时间内慢慢变淡最终消失,而真正对人体有害的重金属如铅、镉、汞、六价铬以及多溴联苯、多溴联苯醚、邻苯二甲酸盐等挥发性高、有异味、易过敏的物质含量超标,必须引起重视。目前,正规油墨厂家都能提供上述物质的检测报告。
既然我们知道了UV墨水的成分、气味来源以及重点要检测哪些有害成分,我们在实际产品选择、喷绘生产中只需做到以下几点,就可以不用担心中毒或其他对人体严重危害的发生。首先,一定要选择有品牌保证的UV打印机厂家,选择他们的兼容墨水时,最好让他们出具检测报告;其次,不管气味是否有毒,出于保险和操作者舒适度的考虑,使用的生产环境要有良好的通风,有条件的单位可以配置一些手套、口罩等防护用品;最后,打印产生的废弃物要便于回收或处理,避免 "二次污染"。
A practical selection route for photoinitiator-related projects
When technical buyers or formulators screen photoinitiators, the most useful decision frame is usually cure quality plus application fit: which package cures reliably, keeps appearance acceptable, and still works under the lamp, film thickness, and substrate conditions of the actual process.
- Match the package to the lamp first: mercury lamps, UV LEDs, and visible-light systems can rank the same photoinitiators very differently.
- Check depth cure and surface cure separately: a film that feels dry on top can still be weak underneath.
- Balance yellowing with reactivity: the strongest deep-cure route is not always the best commercial choice if color or migration risk becomes unacceptable.
- Use the final formula as the benchmark: pigment load, monomer package, and film thickness can all change the apparent ranking of the same initiator.
Recommended product references
- CHLUMINIT 819: Useful when a formulation needs stronger absorption and deeper cure support.
- CHLUMINIT 184: A classic free-radical benchmark for fast surface cure in many UV systems.
- CHLUMINIT 1173: A practical comparison point for classic short-wave UV initiation.
- CHLUMINIT ITX: A useful long-wave support route in many printing-ink packages.
FAQ for buyers and formulators
Why are blended photoinitiator packages so common?
Because one product may control yellowing or lamp fit well while another improves cure depth or line-speed performance, so the full package is often stronger than any single grade.
Should incomplete cure always be solved by adding more initiator?
Not automatically. The real limitation may be the lamp, film thickness, pigment shading, or the rest of the reactive system rather than simple under-dosage.