9 月 23, 2022 隆昌化工

用于光固化涂料的紫外线低聚物

Quick answer: UV monomers and oligomers are usually chosen by viscosity, adhesion, flexibility, shrinkage, and cure speed as a package. The most reliable formulas come from balancing those properties rather than maximizing only one.

光固化涂料所用的低聚物又称预聚物,它分子量小,具有聚合基团多、粘度大的特点,是光固化涂料成膜的主体。光固化是不饱和分子间的聚合反应,根据引发剂引发机理,有自由基聚合和阳离子聚合,比较常见的是自由基聚合,这种C-C聚合交联反应是一种刚性交联。自由基聚合反应迅速,收缩率大;聚合度变化小,阻聚影响大(0.01-0.1% 的阻聚剂可阻止反应)。光固化涂料固化后交联收缩率高,研究发现,双键未聚合时其间距较长,一旦聚合,生成共价键,间距缩短,引起体积缩小,所有不饱和聚合双键收缩率可达 11%。

光固化涂料配方非常复杂,具有以下性能。

首先,单体的种类很多,基础低聚物(树脂)的种类也很多。目前,按合成官能团来分,可分为不饱和聚酯类 PE、环氧类 EA、聚氨酯类 PUA、聚酯类 PEA、氨基类、聚醚类、有机硅类、磷酸酯类、混合类等。

其次,根据光固化涂料的功能,常用的树脂有以下几类。

1、硬质树脂--Tg 高、硬度高、化学性能好、固化速度最快。如标准双酚 A EA;高官能团 PUA 和小分子量 2fPUA;高官能团氨基丙烯酸酯;甲基丙烯酸酯低聚物等。

2、软树脂--Tg小,柔韧性好,固化速度慢,交联密度低。如改性环氧-环氧大豆油丙烯酸酯等;长链聚酯丙烯酸酯;平均分子量大于 1200 的直链结构 PUA;一些纯丙烯酸酯低聚物等。

3、极性树脂,是指含有活泼氢或易形成氢键、能改变极性或表面张力的低聚物。如丙烯酸磷酸酯;有机硅低聚物;丙烯酸羧酯低聚物等。

4、水性 UV 低聚物,常见的有乳液型、水分散型、水溶型。

5、非交联类树脂在光固化涂料配方中具有填充作用、提高交联密度、增加附着力、改变柔韧性、增强润湿性等作用。常见的这类树脂有长油醇酸树脂;热塑性丙烯酸酯树脂;醛酮树脂;石油树脂等。

第三,设计光固化(UV)涂料配方时树脂的选择。

在设计涂料配方前,应明确涂料类型,即底漆、面漆还是色漆;了解被涂物的基本性质,如极性大小(表面张力)、有无结晶、属于热塑性还是热固性等。具体说明如下

1、底漆树脂的选择。首先是附着力的要求,这是底漆树脂的通用性;润湿性,指的是颜填料的润湿性和底材的润湿性,这是两个不同的要求,因为底材和颜填料的表面张力不会完全一样;柔韧性,主要涉及打磨和层间附着力。

2、面漆树脂的选择。面漆的性能和树脂的选择如下所述。

涂膜的丰满度和平整度。要达到这一要求,必须选择相容性好的树脂和单体,提高与底漆的润湿性和流平性,适当提高交联度,并选择折射率较高的树脂。

韧性主要包括硬度和耐磨性。这两种特性有联系,但不一定完全相同,需要区别对待。

层间附着力。层间附着力的解决方案需要满足润湿性、流平性和树脂极性。

EA、PUA(聚酯)具有良好的耐化学品性,PE、聚醚则较差;一般来说,脂肪族 PUA、纯聚醚丙烯酸酯、纯 C、氨基类都具有良好的耐黄变性,配方中添加适当的抗黄变助剂也能有效增强面漆的耐黄变性。

哑光要求。一些分子量稍小或很大的树脂会有一定的哑光效果;一些聚氨酯树脂的哑光效果也不错。

How buyers usually evaluate UV monomers and resin systems

Most successful UV formulations are built by choosing the backbone first and then tuning the reactive monomer package around the substrate, cure method, and end-use stress. That usually produces a more stable result than choosing materials by viscosity or price alone.

  • Start from the final property target: hardness, flexibility, adhesion, and shrinkage rarely point to exactly the same raw-material package.
  • Screen the reactive package as a whole: oligomer, monomer, and photoinitiator choices interact strongly in UV systems.
  • Use viscosity as a tool, not the only decision rule: the easiest-processing material is not always the one that performs best after cure.
  • Check the real substrate: plastic, metal, label film, gel systems, and coatings can reward very different polarity and cure-density balances.

Recommended product references

  • CHLUMICRYL UV-D7700D: Helpful when a different UV oligomer route is worth benchmarking in the resin package.
  • CHLUMIWE 3280: A strong wetting-agent reference for inks, coatings, and difficult substrate wetting.
  • CHLUMIWE 3071: Useful when organosilicone wetting support is needed in a broad application screen.
  • CHLUMIAG 3000: A practical leveling and anti-sticking reference in UV coating and ink-related systems.

FAQ for buyers and formulators

Can one UV monomer or resin solve every formulation problem?
Usually no. Commercially strong formulas depend on how several components work together to balance cure, adhesion, flow, and durability.

Why should monomers be screened together with oligomers?
Because monomers can change viscosity, cure rate, shrinkage, and substrate behavior enough to alter the final ranking of the same backbone resin.

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