虫胶薄片 是一种森林副产品和重要的工业原料,具有很高的经济价值。很多人认为虫胶的音译词(LAC)是一个代表清漆或树胶的模糊词汇,认为它可能是一个缩写或品牌名称。事实上,"LAC "一词来自梵文 "LAKEH",意思是十万,这可能是因为这种树脂是由无数昆虫--漆虫--辛勤分泌而成的。一磅虫胶需要从 15 万只虫胶昆虫的分泌物中采集。一般的树脂大多是植物性的,而虫胶是唯一已知的动物性树脂。它是寄生在某些植物上的漆虫的分泌物,主要成分是虫胶树脂、虫胶蜡、虫胶色素,还含有少量杂质,如糖、盐、蛋白质、虫尸和木屑等。虫胶的使用历史悠久。虫胶首先用作药材,其次用作染料。张柏和苏公都有将其用作染料的记载。"吴录》说,虫胶可用于染羊群(即丝织品);苏公说,可用于染皮革和趵突泉。苏颂的《素问》(1061 年)说,医方今少用,但染者需之。由此可见,在宋代,虫胶就被用作染料,其用途已经超过了药用。大约两千年前,它就被用来粘合农具,并用作 医药中间体但水溶性紫胶颜料主要用作猩红色染料和化妆品。当时,紫胶的加工目的几乎就是为了获得这种紫胶染料。
Quick answer: For paint and coating topics, formulators usually compare flow, substrate fit, surface quality, and durability together because the same adjustment can improve one property while weakening another.
我国古代使用的虫胶可能是从国外进口的。如《吴录》所载,虫胶的产地是九真宜凤国,即现在越南中部的清化省。酉阳杂俎》中的产地是真腊、波斯和昆仑。唐朝末年,李忱在《海绡本草》中引用裴渊的《广州志》指出产海南;苏颂根据《交州地理志》说交州也是产地之一;李时珍说产南番。虽然提到我国也产贝漆,但由于陆路交通不便,海路方便,可能是从国外进口的。"徐霞客游记》(徐宏祖,1650 年)最早明确云南省是我国漆的产地,云南省一直是我国漆的主产区。云南省生产的虫胶作为原料低价出口国外,在国际市场上占有相当大的份额。十九世纪末,由于合成苯胺染料的发明,天然虫胶染料在国际市场上的地位一落千丈。
由于近代的侵略,我国的紫胶生产在 1930 年前后逐渐停滞,1945 年全面停产,种胶几乎断绝。全国解放后,经过艰苦努力,紫胶生产逐渐恢复。如今,人们及时注意到了虫胶树脂,发现它有很多用途。它可用于清漆和抛光剂。它光滑美观,防水、防潮、耐油、耐酸,具有良好的绝缘性能。早期用于电气工业;第二次世界大战期间 战争结束后,虫胶树脂产品作为机械设备的涂层剂、粘合剂和绝缘材料被广泛应用于军事工业。用作火箭所用火药的阻燃剂。信号弹的主要成分镁在储存期间必须涂上一层虫胶清漆,以防止氧化。此外,虫胶树脂的主要成分罂粟碱也是制造防弹玻璃和防紫外线、防辐射等军事装备的原料之一。因此,许多国家曾经和现在都把虫胶列为军事战略物资。据统计,虫胶已用于军工、电器、涂料、油墨、机械、橡胶、塑料、制革、造纸、医药、食品等 200 多个行业。它广泛用于挥发性清漆、抛光剂、粘合剂和绝缘材料。热塑性薄膜的材料和原料。虫胶产区主要集中在东经 70°-120°,北纬 8°-32°,特别是北纬 19°-26°。世界上生产虫胶的国家除中国外,主要是东南亚和南亚的越南、缅甸、老挝、泰国和印度。
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A practical checklist for coating formulation decisions
In conventional coating work, technical buyers usually move fastest when they define the film-performance target first and then review rheology, substrate compatibility, additives, and long-term durability as one system instead of isolated tweaks.
- Start from the application scenario: furniture, powder coating, industrial paint, and waterborne systems often reward different formulation priorities.
- Check surface quality and process stability together: leveling, wetting, foam control, and drying often interact strongly.
- Review the film after full cure or drying: adhesion, hardness, weatherability, and color stability usually decide the commercial result.
- Use targeted additive screening: wetting, leveling, defoaming, and wear-resistance additives work best when the defect is clearly defined.
Recommended product references
- CHLUMIAF 094: A balanced defoamer reference for waterborne coatings and many general foam-control screens.
- CHLUMIAF 3037: A stronger process-defoaming option when persistent foam survives harsher conditions.
- CHLUMIWE 3280: A strong wetting-agent reference for inks, coatings, and difficult substrate wetting.
- CHLUMIWE 3071: Useful when organosilicone wetting support is needed in a broad application screen.
FAQ for buyers and formulators
Why can a coating with good initial appearance still fail later?
Because many failures show up only after full cure, storage, or service exposure, when adhesion, flexibility, or weatherability becomes the limiting factor.
Should coating additives be chosen one by one outside the full formula?
It is usually safer to screen them inside the real formula because resin choice, pigments, and the rest of the additive package can change the result.