大型化工生产模式下的微化学技术
At present, the chemical production under the mode of “big chemical” has many problems such as huge equipment, high energy consumption, heavy pollution, waste of resources, low efficiency, etc. How to effectively solve these problems has become a challenge that the chemical industry must face. As a new type of chemical technology, micro-chemical system can strengthen the reaction process, reduce the energy consumption and material consumption of the process, and improve the production efficiency and safety, so it is widely used.
The upgrading of information technology represented by computers and the development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have made the concept of “miniaturization” penetrate into all areas of human life and work. Chemical production has gone through two major stages of development, the traditional “unit operation” and “three passes and one reverse”, and the scope of advanced research is gradually expanding to the field of micro-scale.
Experimentation – Small Trial – Medium Type – Chemical Production
Microchemical technology involves microreactor, micromixer, microseparator, microheat exchanger, etc., during which the fluid is microfluid.
Microchemical system: a chemical process carried out in a micrometer or sub-millimeter confined space with microstructured components as the core, which enhances mixing and transfer by reducing the dispersion scale of the system, improving process controllability and efficiency. The engineering scale-up of microreactors is basically an increase in the number of units (numbering up), i.e., multiple parallel connections, rather than a scale-up on the reactor scale (Scale up).
Microreactors are not small because of their size, but because of their narrow flow channels, high flow velocities, high mixing intensity, and enhanced mass and heat transfer.
Compared with traditional chemical equipment, micro-chemical equipment has the following advantages: high transfer rate, easy to directly amplify, high safety, easy to control, etc. It can realize the continuous and highly integrated, decentralized and flexible production of chemical process. It can greatly improve the utilization efficiency of resources and energy in the reaction process, and realize the intensification, miniaturization and greening of chemical process.
Low Risk
Many reactions in the chemical industry are strong exothermic processes, there is a risk of explosion, the use of micro-reaction technology can improve the efficiency of the process, improve the safety of the process. For example, the safety of hydrogenation and oxidation reactions in the production of hydrogen peroxide is the most important aspect in determining the safety of the process.
High efficiency and rapidity
The yield of the amidation reaction in the toluene process was increased from 82% to over 95%, and the consumption of fuming sulfuric acid for the Beckman rearrangement reaction in the benzene process was reduced by 30%.
Industrial production
50,000 tons/year nano-calcium carbonate micro-reactor production unit
Features: low investment, low energy consumption; small particle size, narrow distribution and good repeatability of the product; easy to control the production process.
Countdown! Continuous and automated transformation technology and equipment upgrading [Attendance + Visit
The micro hydrogen source system used in the kilowatt-class proton exchange membrane fuel cell developed by Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology has the advantages of fast startup, low carbon monoxide content, high specific power, etc. The 10,000-ton micro-mixing system used for liquid-liquid mixing in the Institute has significantly shortened the synthesis time of dinitrochlorobenzene by utilizing the highly efficient heat and mass transfer capability of the micro-reactor.
Joint State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, has successfully developed an industrial device for the preparation of monodisperse calcium carbonate nanoparticles with a 10,000-ton membrane-dispersed microstructure reactor, drawing on membrane emulsification technology.
In micro-scale chemical systems, viscous forces, elastic forces, surface tension, electrostatic forces, etc. all have a significant impact on the system at this time, and many macroscopic laws may no longer apply. Therefore, the surface and interface effects at the micro-scale, the measurement, analysis and control of micro-processes and other basic research is particularly important. The traditional theory of “three passes and one inverse” needs to be revised, supplemented and innovated, and the status quo of chemical production will also change!
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