1. 🧪 Industrial Biotechnology
• Production of Chiral Malic Acid (D- and L-forms)
High-purity chiral malic acid is produced efficiently and environmentally friendly through enzymatic resolution of DL-malic acid or microbial transformation.
• Improvement of Crop Traits
Genetic engineering is used to increase the expression of plant MDH to enhance its tolerance to acidic soil, aluminum toxicity, or saline-alkali land.

2. 🏥 Clinical Diagnosis
Serum Biomarker for Disease Diagnosis
Elevated serum MDH activity is associated with various diseases, such as liver diseases (e.g., viral hepatitis, liver cancer), acute myocardial infarction, and kidney diseases.

3. 🔬 Analysis and Detection
• Determination of Organic Acid Content in Food (e.g., L-malic acid)
Using the specific reaction catalyzed by MDH, enzymatic analysis (e.g., monitoring the change of NADH at 340 nm) is used to accurately determine the malic acid content in samples, for example, in wine analysis.
• Tool Enzyme in Scientific Research
Used as a tool in basic research for metabolic pathway studies, protein interaction studies, and enzymatic property investigations.

4. 💊 Drug Development Target
Potential Therapeutic Target for Various Diseases
Studies have shown that MDH is overexpressed or functionally abnormal in various cancers, metabolic diseases, nervous system diseases, and parasitic infections, making it an emerging target for drug development.