What knowledge should frontline workers in chemical plants have?
- Develop good operational behavior
(1) Routine inspection before operation The mechanical equipment must always be kept in normal operation. Routine inspections of machinery and equipment are carried out every day before work.
If any abnormal situation is found, the laborer should notify the management personnel in time, and can work only after maintenance and confirmation of safety.
(2) Firmly grasp the signal contact When more than two people work together, sometimes it is necessary to stipulate the contact signal and operate according to the signal.
For positions with contact signals, workers should keep in mind the specified signals, and start work after confirming and clarifying the meaning of the signals.
(3) Strictly abide by the operating procedures Simplifying and omitting the prescribed operating procedures for fear of trouble often lead to many accidents. Therefore, workers should strictly abide by the operating procedures.
- In the case of unconventional operations, it should be reported in time. When product deformation occurs in the production line, or when a small fault occurs, some operations that are not specified in the operating procedures (ie unconventional operations) need to be carried out, such as debugging the machine, overhauling, oiling, etc. , should be reported to management in a timely manner.
- Absolutely prohibited unsafe operation behavior:
1) The operation of machinery and equipment, the method of picking and placing items are incorrect, and the support of objects is not firm.
2) Approaching or entering a dangerous place, such as a running machine or a lifted cargo.
3) Cleaning, refueling or overhauling mechanical devices that are running, energized or heated.
4) Start the machine suddenly, move the vehicle, object or proceed to the next step without giving a signal or confirming the safety.
5) Improper selection of mechanical devices, improper use or defects.
6) Leave the running machine and put the machine or material in an unsafe state or place.
7) The act of removing the safety device, or making the safety device ineffective.
8) Jumping on, off, or working with hands instead of prescribed tools from vehicles or machines.
9) Do not use personal protective equipment, or use it improperly, or wear it unsafely.
10) Feel free to touch unknown chemicals.
11) Hastily entered a confined space.
- Rescue in the event of an accident.
- How to quickly identify the source of danger at work?
Hidden dangers refer to hidden calamities, that is, hidden or hidden dangers or disasters.
Accident hidden danger generally refers to the unsafe behavior of people, unsafe state of things and management defects that can lead to accidents in the production system.
- What are the unsafe behaviors of people?
There are 11 main categories, which are also the main direct cause of production safety accidents.
1) Ignoring safety, ignoring warnings, operating errors.
2) Man-made safety device failure.
3) Using unsafe equipment.
4) Operate by hand instead of tools.
5) Improper storage of objects.
6) Venturing into dangerous places.
7) Climbing or sitting in an unsafe position.
8) Interfering and distracting behavior.
9) Neglect or fail to use individual labor protection articles and appliances.
10) Unsafe attire. Baijia Management
- Mishandling and mishandling of flammable, explosive and other dangerous goods.
- Classification of hazardous and harmful factors
Classification of dangerous and harmful factors is the basis for analysis and identification of dangerous and harmful factors. There are many ways to classify dangerous and harmful factors, mainly in the following two ways:
5.1. Classification according to the direct causes of accidents and occupational hazards
(5.1) Physical hazards and harmful factors
5.1.1) Defects in equipment and facilities
Insufficient strength, insufficient stiffness, poor stability, poor sealing, stress concentration, shape defects, exposed moving parts, brake defects, and other defects in equipment and facilities.
5.1.2) Protection Defects
No protection, defects in protection devices and facilities, improper protection, improper support, insufficient protection distance, other protection defects.
5.1.3) Electrical
Exposed live parts, leakage, lightning, static electricity, electric sparks, and other electrical hazards.
5.1.4) Noise
Mechanical noise, electromagnetic noise, hydrodynamic noise, and other noises.
5.1.5) Vibration
Mechanical vibration, electromagnetic vibration, hydrodynamic vibration, and other vibrations.
5.1.6) Electromagnetic radiation
Ionizing radiation: X-rays, g-rays, a particles, beta particles, protons, neutrons, high-energy electron beams, etc.; non-ionizing radiation: ultraviolet rays, lasers, radio frequency radiation, ultra-high voltage electric fields.
5.1.7) Sports animals
Solid projectiles, liquid splashes, rebounds, rock and soil sliding, material stacking sliding, airflow rolling, impact ground pressure, and other moving object hazards.
5.1.8) Open flame
5.1.9) High temperature substances that can cause burns
High temperature gas, high temperature solid, high temperature liquid, other high temperature substances.
5.1.10) Cryogenic substances that can cause frostbite
Low temperature gas, low temperature solid, low temperature liquid, other low temperature substances.
5.1.11) Dust and aerosols
Excluding explosive, toxic dusts and aerosols.
5.1.12) Bad working environment
Chaotic working environment, foundation sinking, defective safety passage, poor lighting, harmful lighting, poor ventilation, hypoxia, poor air quality, poor water supply and drainage, water gushing, forced posture, high temperature, low temperature, high air pressure, Low air pressure, high temperature and high humidity, natural disasters, and other poor working environments.
5.1.13) Signal Defects
No signal facilities, improper signal selection, improper signal location, unclear signal, inaccurate signal display, and other signal defects.
5.1.14) Flag Defects
No sign, unclear sign, irregular sign, improper sign selection, sign location defect, and other sign defects.
5.1.15) Other physical hazards and harmful factors
(5.2) Chemical hazards and harmful factors
5.2.1) Flammable and explosive substances
Flammable and explosive gases, flammable and explosive liquids, flammable and explosive solids, flammable and explosive dusts and aerosols, and other flammable and explosive substances.
5.2.2) Pyrophoric substances
5.2.3) Toxic substances
Toxic gases, toxic liquids, toxic solids, toxic dusts and aerosols, and other toxic substances.
5.2.4) Corrosive substances
Corrosive gases, corrosive liquids, corrosive solids, and other corrosive substances.
5.2.5) Other chemical hazards and harmful factors
(5.3) Biological hazards and harmful factors
5.3.1) Pathogenic microorganisms
Bacteria, viruses, other pathogenic microorganisms.
5.3.2) Infectious disease vectors
5.3.3) Harmful animals
5.3.4) Harmful plants
5.3.5) Other biological hazards and harmful factors
(5.4) Psychological and physiological risks and harmful factors
5.4.1) Overload
Physical overload, hearing overload, visual overload, and other overloads.
5.4.2) Abnormal health status
5.4.3) Engage in taboo operations
5.4.4) Psychological abnormalities
Emotional abnormalities, risk-taking, excessive stress, other psychological abnormalities.
5.4.5) Identify functional defects
Perception delays, identification errors, other identification function deficiencies.
5.4.6) Other psychological and physical hazards and harmful factors
(5.5) Behavioral risk and harmful factors
5.5.1) Command errors
Command errors, illegal command, and other command errors.
5.5.2) Operation error
Misoperation, illegal operation, and other operational errors.
5.5.3) Guardianship errors
5.5.4) Other errors
5.5.5) Other Behavioural Risks and Harmful Factors
5.5.6) Other Hazardous and Harmful Factors
- Classification by reference to accident category
(6.1) Object Strike
Refers to the movement of an object under the action of gravity or other external forces, striking the human body and causing personal injury or death, excluding strikes caused by mechanical equipment, vehicles, hoisting machinery, collapse, etc.
(6.2) Vehicle damage
Refers to human body falls and object collapse, falling, crushing casualties caused by the driving of enterprise motor vehicles, excluding accidents that occur when lifting equipment, towing vehicles and vehicles are stopped.
(6.3) Mechanical damage
Refers to the damage caused by the direct contact of moving (static) parts, tools and processed parts of mechanical equipment with the human body, such as pinching, collision, shearing, involvement, twisting, grinding, cutting, stabbing, etc., excluding mechanical damage caused by vehicles and lifting machinery .
(6.4) Lifting injuries
It refers to the extrusion, falling, (spreader, hoisting) object strike and electric shock that occur in various lifting operations (including crane installation, maintenance, and testing).
(6.5) Electric shock
Including lightning strike casualties.
(6.6) Drowning
Including falling from heights and drowning, excluding mines and underground flooding and drowning.
(6.7) Scalding
Refers to flame burns, high temperature object burns, chemical burns (internal and external burns caused by acid, alkali, salt, organic matter), physical burns (internal and external burns caused by light and radioactive substances), excluding electrical burns and fires.
(6.8) Fire
(6.9) Falling from a height
Refers to casualties caused by falling while working at heights, excluding electric shock and falling accidents.
(6.10) Collapse
Refers to the accident caused by the object exceeding its own strength limit or due to the destruction of structural stability under the action of external force or gravity, such as earth and rock collapse when digging trenches, scaffold collapse, stack collapse, etc. , hoisting machinery, collapse caused by blasting.
(6.11) Falling top film gang
(6.12) Water permeable
(6.13) Blasting
Refers to casualties in blasting operations.
(6.14) Gunpowder explosion
Refers to the explosion accidents that occur in the production, processing, transportation and storage of gunpowder, explosives and their products.
(6.15) Gas explosion
(6.16) Boiler explosion
(6.17) Container explosion
(6.18) Other explosions
(6.19) Poisoning and asphyxiation
(6.20) Other damage