Dimethyl Sulfoxide Application scenarios
1. Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Organic Synthesis Solvent
As a “universal solvent,” it efficiently dissolves both polar and nonpolar substances, used in various chemical reactions to improve reaction rates and yields.
Polymer Synthesis and Processing
Used as a solvent for synthesizing polymers such as polyacrylonitrile (acrylic fiber), polysulfone resin, and polyimide, or as a spinning solvent.
Gas Separation and Recovery
Used as an extraction solvent for separating gases such as aromatics and butadiene, and as an absorbent for recovering gases such as acetylene and sulfur dioxide.
2. Research and Laboratories
Cell and Biological Sample Cryoprotection
One of the most widely used cryoprotectants. By lowering the freezing point, inhibiting ice crystal formation, and regulating osmotic pressure, it effectively protects cells (such as stem cells and blood cells) from damage at low temperatures.
Drug/Compound Dissolution
Commonly used as a stock solution solvent for poorly soluble drugs or compounds in experiments.
Analytical Detection (e.g., MTT assay)
Used to dissolve formazan crystals generated in the MTT assay for absorbance measurement using an ELISA reader to assess cell viability.
3. Pharmaceutical Field
Carrier and Penetration Enhancer for Drug Formulations: As a drug carrier, it significantly enhances transdermal drug absorption (transdermal drug delivery). It is already used in some topical formulations (such as analgesic gels and patches for treating shingles).
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients:
As an active ingredient, it is used directly to treat interstitial cystitis (such as RIMSO-50 approved by the US FDA), administered via bladder instillation.
Medical Device Components:
As a solvent, it is used to formulate implantable liquid embolization systems (such as Onyx for treating arteriovenous malformations in the brain) or sustained-release drug implants.
4. Industry and Other Fields
Agrochemikalien:
Used as a reaction solvent and penetrant in pesticide synthesis to improve synthesis efficiency and efficacy.
Elektronikindustrie:
Used as a solvent in capacitor dielectrics, liquid crystal display materials, etc.
Antifreeze Agents:
Utilizing its property of lowering the freezing point of aqueous solutions, it is used as an antifreeze in specific applications.
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