{"id":7026,"date":"2024-06-19T08:50:04","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T08:50:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/?p=7026"},"modified":"2024-06-19T08:50:04","modified_gmt":"2024-06-19T08:50:04","slug":"what-are-the-methods-of-separation-and-purification-of-organic-compounds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/zh\/what-are-the-methods-of-separation-and-purification-of-organic-compounds\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u63d0\u7eaf\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u63d0\u7eaf\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong><\/h1>\n

01<\/p>\n

\u56fa\u4f53\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u51c0\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u56fa\u4f53\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e00\u822c\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u7ed3\u6676\u6765\u63d0\u7eaf\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u91cd\u7ed3\u6676\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fa\u4f53\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u9971\u548c\u6eb6\u6db2\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8d81\u70ed\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u4e0d\u6eb6\u6027\u6742\u8d28\u3002\u6bcd\u6db2\u51b7\u5374\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u8f83\u4f4e\u6e29\u5ea6\u65f6\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7ed3\u6676\u6790\u51fa\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u6742\u8d28\u7559\u5728\u6bcd\u6db2\u4e2d\u5e76\u9664\u53bb\u3002\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u91cd\u7ed3\u6676\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u63d0\u7eaf\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7194\u70b9\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u4e00\u822c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/p>\n

(1) \u914d\u5236\u9971\u548c\u70ed\u6eb6\u6db2\uff08\u63a5\u8fd1\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9\uff09<\/p>\n

(2\uff09\u70ed\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff08\u4e0d\u6eb6\u6027\u6742\u8d28\u9664\u5916\uff09<\/p>\n

(3) \u81ea\u7136\u51b7\u5374\u7ed3\u6676<\/p>\n

(4) \u6676\u4f53\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u6d17\u6da4<\/p>\n

(5) \u5e72\u71e5\uff08\u51cf\u538b\u6216\u5e38\u538b\uff09<\/p>\n

(6) \u5bf9\u6807\u51c6\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u7ed3\u6676\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3 m.p. \u4e0d\u53d8<\/p>\n

02<\/p>\n

\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u63d0\u7eaf\u6db2\u6001\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u6db2\u6001\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e00\u822c\u901a\u8fc7\u84b8\u998f\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u63d0\u7eaf<\/p>\n

1.\u84b8\u998f\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6db2\u4f53\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u5404\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9\u800c\u5206\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u5173\u952e\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u6e29\u5ea6\u7f13\u6162\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u4e0d\u540c\u6e29\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5206\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u84b8\u998f\u6cd5\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n

(1) \u5e38\u538b\u84b8\u998f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e b.p.\u4f4e\u4e14\u4e0d\u5728 b.p. \u5206\u89e3\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

(2) \u51cf\u538b\u84b8\u998f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e b.p \u8f83\u9ad8\u6216 b.p \u5206\u89e3\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

(3) \u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u84b8\u998f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u4e14 b.p. \u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

(4) \u65cb\u8f6c\u6d53\u7f29\u84b8\u998f\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u6d53\u7f29\u63d0\u53d6\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

03<\/p>\n

\u67f1\u8272\u8c31\u6cd5\u5206\u79bb\uff08\u56fa\/\u6db2\uff09\u6709\u673a\u7269<\/p>\n

1.\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u8272\u8c31\u67f1\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u76f8\u4e0a\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u76f8\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u6d41\u7ecf\u56fa\u5b9a\u76f8\uff0c\u5e26\u52a8\u88ab\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u7ec4\u5206\u5411\u4e0b\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u5177\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u76f8\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u7ec4\u5206\u5728\u6d41\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7559\u5728\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u5177\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u76f8\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u7ec4\u5206\u5728\u6d41\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5728\u524d\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u67f1\u5c42\u6790\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n

(1) \u5438\u9644\u8272\u8c31\u67f1\uff1a\u5c06\u6210\u5206\u5438\u9644\u5728\u5438\u9644\u5242\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

(2) \u5206\u914d\u8272\u8c31\u67f1\uff1a\u5728\u60f0\u6027\u8f7d\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u6d82\u4e0a\u9ad8\u6cb8\u70b9\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u6d17\u8131\u6db2\u548c\u9ad8\u6cb8\u70b9\u6db2\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u6eb6\u89e3\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

(3\uff09\u51dd\u80f6\u8272\u8c31\u67f1\uff1a\u591a\u51dd\u80f6\u586b\u5145\u3001\u6dcb\u6d17\uff0c\u51dd\u80f6\u76ee\u6570\u7b5b\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

04<\/p>\n

\u8584\u5c42\u8272\u8c31\u6cd5\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u63d0\u7eaf\u6709\u673a\u7269<\/p>\n

\u8584\u5c42\u8272\u8c31\u5206\u79bb\u7eaf\u5316\u7b80\u5355\u5feb\u6377\u3002\u4f46\u5206\u79bb\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u5982\u67f1\u5c42\u6790\u5927\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u5982\u67f1\u5c42\u6790\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u8584\u5c42\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n

(1) \u5438\u9644\u8272\u8c31\u6cd5<\/p>\n

(2) \u5206\u914d\u8272\u8c31\u6cd5\uff1a\u5206\u914d\u8272\u8c31\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u6b63\u76f8\u8272\u8c31\u6cd5\u548c\u53cd\u76f8\u8272\u8c31\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

a.\u6b63\u76f8\uff1a\u542b\u6c34\u7684\u5438\u9644\u5242\uff08\u56fa\u5b9a\u76f8\uff09\u3001\u6781\u6027\u5f31\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u76f8\u3001\u6781\u6027\u5c0f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u79fb\u52a8\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n

b.\u53cd\u76f8\uff1a\u949d\u5316\u5438\u9644\u5242\uff08\u56fa\u5b9a\u76f8\uff09\u3001\u6781\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u76f8\u3001\u6781\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u4e00\u822c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a\u70b9\u67d3 - \u6269\u5370 - \u663e\u8272 - \u8ba1\u7b97 Rf \u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

05<\/p>\n

\u4f4e\u6e29\u5206\u79bb\u6cd5<\/p>\n

1.\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u98df\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff1a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u6df7\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8102\u80aa\u548c\u8721\uff0c\u7ed9\u5206\u79bb\u5e26\u6765\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u5206\u79bb\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u8102\u80aa\u548c\u8721\u8d28\u5728\u4f4e\u6e29\u4e0b\u4f1a\u5728\u4e19\u916e\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528\u4e19\u916e\u53cd\u590d\u8403\u53d6\u6837\u54c1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8403\u53d6\u6db2\u51b7\u51bb\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5e76\u4e0e\u8102\u80aa\u548c\u8721\u8d28\u6c89\u6dc0\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5219\u7559\u5728\u4e19\u916e\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u51bb\u7ed3\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a -70\u2103\u3002<\/p>\n

06<\/p>\n

\u6db2\u76f8\u8403\u53d6<\/p>\n

1.\u8403\u53d6\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u6eb6\u7684\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec4\u5206\u6eb6\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6eb6\u8d28\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff08\u6d53\u5ea6\u6bd4\uff09\u5728\u4e24\u76f8\u4e2d\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u4e24\u76f8\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u914d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u79f0\u4e3a\u5206\u914d\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u5229\u7528\u6bcf\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u914d\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5206 \u914d\u7cfb\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u79bb\u3002(\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6eb6\u5242\u5e76\u91cd\u590d\u5206\u914d\uff09<\/p>\n

2.\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n

(1\uff09\u5404\u5411\u540c\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5206\u914d\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u7ec4\u5404\u5411\u540c\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u6eb6\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u6eb6\u8d28\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u540e\uff0c\u5f31\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a P\uff1b\u5f3a\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a Q\uff1b\u663e\u7136 P+Q=1 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e24\u76f8\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6bd4\u4e3a P\/Q\u3002<\/p>\n

(2\uff09\u5404\u5411\u540c\u6027\u591a\u6b21\u5206\u914d\u6cd5\uff1a\u53d6\u82e5\u5e72\u7b49\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u5f3a\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u5728\u5f31\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u8403\u53d6\u82e5\u5e72\u6b21\uff0c\u5f31\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u6eb6\u8d28\u542b\u91cf\u662f P \u7684 n \u500d\uff0c\u5f3a\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u6eb6\u8d28\u542b\u91cf\u662f 1- P \u7684 n \u500d\u3002<\/p>\n

(3\uff09\u7b49\u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u5e03\uff1a\u8bbe\u5f31\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u662f\u5f3a\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u03b1\u500d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u5206\u914d\u540e\u5f31\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u4e3a \u03b1P\uff0c\u5f3a\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u4e3a Q\uff1b\u5f31\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5360\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u603b\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a\uff1a\u03b1P\/\uff08Q+\u03b1P\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

07<\/p>\n

\u5316\u5b66\u51c0\u5316\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u5316\u5b66\u7eaf\u5316\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u6742\u8d28\u4e0e\u4e00\u79cd\u8bd5\u5242\u53d1\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ee5\u6446\u8131\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u5bf9\u88ab\u5206\u6790\u6210\u5206\u5e72\u6270\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u63d0\u53d6\u7269\u662f\u8102\u80aa\u548c\u8272\u7d20\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7eaf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u9178\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u9178\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u7528\u78b1\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u78b1\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53bb\u9664\u6742\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

08<\/p>\n

\u56fa\u76f8\u8403\u53d6\u6280\u672f<\/p>\n

1.\u5206\u79bb\u539f\u7406\u6839\u636e\u6837\u54c1\u5728\u4e24\u76f8\u4e2d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u56fa\u76f8\u548c\u6db2\u76f8\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u7cfb\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u7eaf\u5316\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u6216\u6d17\u8131\u7684\u673a\u7406\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u88ab\u5206\u6790\u7269\u4e0e\u56fa\u76f8\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u57fa\u56e2\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u5206\u6790\u7269\u4e0e\u6db2\u76f8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u4e24\u79cd\u6d17\u8131\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

(1) \u5982\u679c\u5206\u6790\u7269\u5bf9\u56fa\u76f8\u7684\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u5f3a\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\uff0c\u5219\u5206\u6790\u7269\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u7528\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u6d17\u8131\u6db2\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6d17\u8131\u3002<\/p>\n

(2) \u4e0e\u56fa\u76f8\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4ecb\u8d28\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u6eb6\u5242\u6d17\u8131\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What are the methods of separation and purification of organic compounds? 01 Purification methods for solid organic compounds Solid organic compounds are generally purified by recrystallization. 1. Recrystallization principle: in a certain solvent, the solubility of solid organic compounds with the temperature change has a large change. The saturated solution at higher temperatures while hot […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7026","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-laboratory-news"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat are the methods of separation and purification of organic compounds? - Longchang Chemical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/zh\/what-are-the-methods-of-separation-and-purification-of-organic-compounds\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What are the methods of separation and purification of organic compounds? - Longchang Chemical\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What are the methods of separation and purification of organic compounds? 01 Purification methods for solid organic compounds Solid organic compounds are generally purified by recrystallization. 1. 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