{"id":7830,"date":"2025-01-06T10:57:04","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T10:57:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/?p=7830"},"modified":"2026-04-28T09:55:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T09:55:32","slug":"what-are-the-ratios-of-commonly-used-chemicals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/tr\/what-are-the-ratios-of-commonly-used-chemicals\/","title":{"rendered":"At\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesislerinde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan kimyasallar\u0131n ve i\u015fletme tekniklerinin oranlar\u0131 nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- lc-qa-start --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Quick answer:<\/strong> For sewage, biochemical, and wastewater-treatment topics, operators usually move fastest when they review the process stage, water quality data, and control objective together rather than chasing one symptom alone.<\/p>\n<p><!-- lc-qa-end --><\/p>\n<p>Bir at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisinin, at\u0131k su kalitesinin standartlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ar\u0131tma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasallar eklemesi gerekir. Yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan kimyasallar aras\u0131nda koag\u00fclantlar, flok\u00fclantlar, karbon kaynaklar\u0131 vb. bulunur. Bu makale bu kimyasallar\u0131n dozaj oranlar\u0131n\u0131, teknik g\u00f6stergelerini ve pratik i\u015fletme tekniklerini tan\u0131tacakt\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek kullan\u0131mda, belirli su kalitesi ve ar\u0131tma hedeflerine g\u00f6re ayarlamalar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r ve optimum dozaj\u0131n deneylerle belirlenmesi gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Koag\u00fclant dozaj oran\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Koag\u00fclantlar esas olarak kanalizasyondaki ask\u0131da kat\u0131 maddeleri ve kolloidal partik\u00fclleri gidermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan koag\u00fclantlar aras\u0131nda al\u00fcminyum s\u00fclfat, polial\u00fcminyum klor\u00fcr (PAC) ve demir klor\u00fcr bulunur.<\/p>\n<p><b>1. Al\u00fcminyum s\u00fclfat<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Uygulama kapsam\u0131: y\u00fcksek pH ve y\u00fcksek alkaliniteye sahip kanalizasyon i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/p>\n<p>Dozaj oran\u0131: genellikle 50-150 mg\/L.<\/p>\n<p>Teknik indeks: Al\u00fcminyum s\u00fclfat\u0131n aktif bile\u015feni Al2O3 i\u00e7eri\u011fi 15%'nin \u00fczerinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kullan\u0131m ipu\u00e7lar\u0131: Al\u00fcminyum s\u00fclfat kullan\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce tamamen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmelidir ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme s\u00fcresi yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 dakikad\u0131r. Genel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme konsantrasyonu 5-10%'dir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnek: Ar\u0131tma kapasitesi 1000 m\u00b3\/saat ve ham su pH'\u0131 7,5 olan bir at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisinin al\u00fcminyum s\u00fclfat eklemesi gerekmektedir. Deneyime dayal\u0131 olarak, dozaj 100 mg\/L'dir, bu da saatte 100 kg al\u00fcminyum s\u00fclfat eklenmesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Polial\u00fcminyum klor\u00fcr (PAC)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Uygulama kapsam\u0131: \u00c7e\u015fitli pH de\u011ferlerine sahip kanalizasyon, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek bulan\u0131kl\u0131ktaki kanalizasyon i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/p>\n<p>Dozaj oran\u0131: Genellikle 10-50 mg\/L.<\/p>\n<p>Teknik indeks: PAC'\u0131n alkalinitesi 50-80% aras\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kullan\u0131m ipu\u00e7lar\u0131: PAC kullan\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce tamamen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmelidir ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme s\u00fcresi yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 dakikad\u0131r. Genel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme konsantrasyonu 5-10%'dir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnek: Kapasitesi 500 m\u00b3\/saat olan ve y\u00fcksek ham su bulan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip bir at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisinin PAC eklemesi gerekmektedir. Deneyime dayal\u0131 olarak, dozaj 30 mg\/L'dir, bu da saatte 15 kg PAC eklenmesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<p>Ger\u00e7ek konsantrasyon belirli su kalitesi ve ar\u0131tma hedeflerine g\u00f6re ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r ve optimum dozaj\u0131n deneylerle belirlenmesi gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Tipik dozaj konsantrasyonu: Polialuminyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn tipik dozaj konsantrasyonu 10%-16%'dir. Bu, 100 kg PAC \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde 10-16 kg PAC kuru tozu bulundu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu konsantrasyon kimyasal \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin konsantrasyonunu ifade eder, do\u011frudan su hacmiyle ilgili de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dozaj<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ton at\u0131k su ba\u015f\u0131na dozaj: Polialuminyum klor\u00fcr dozaj\u0131, ton at\u0131k su ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,5-2 kg kuru PAC tozudur. Bu dozaj kanalizasyonun \u00f6zelliklerine ve ar\u0131tma gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re belirlenir. Ger\u00e7ek kullan\u0131m, belirli su kalitesi ve ar\u0131tma hedeflerine g\u00f6re ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Farkl\u0131 su kaliteleri i\u00e7in dozaj: PAC dozaj\u0131 farkl\u0131 su kalitesi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir. \u0130\u015fte baz\u0131 referans de\u011ferler:<\/p>\n<p>Kullan\u0131m suyu: 2,5-25kg\/1.000 ton su<\/p>\n<p>End\u00fcstriyel su: 2,5-25 kg\/1.000 ton su<\/p>\n<p>Belediye kanalizasyonu: 15-50 kg\/1.000 ton su<\/p>\n<p>Elektrokaplama at\u0131k suyu: 20-100 kg\/1.000 ton su<\/p>\n<p>Metalurjik at\u0131k su: 20-150 kg\/1.000 ton su<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u011f\u0131t yap\u0131m\u0131 at\u0131k suyu: 50-300 kg\/1.000 ton su<\/p>\n<p>Tabaklama at\u0131k suyu: 100-300 kg\/1.000 ton su<\/p>\n<p>G\u0131da at\u0131k suyu: 50-150 kg\/1.000 ton su<\/p>\n<p>Kimyasal at\u0131k su: 50-100 kg\/1.000 ton su<\/p>\n<p>Em\u00fclsifikasyon at\u0131k suyu: 50-200 kg\/1.000 ton su<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6m\u00fcr y\u0131kama at\u0131k suyu: 30-100 kg\/1.000 ton su<\/p>\n<p>Bu rakamlar, ar\u0131t\u0131lan ton su ba\u015f\u0131na farkl\u0131 kimyasallar\u0131n kaba bir oran\u0131n\u0131 ve dozaj\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ger\u00e7ek kullan\u0131m belirli su kalitesi ve ar\u0131tma hedeflerine g\u00f6re ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r ve optimum dozaj\u0131n deneylerle belirlenmesi gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<p><b>3. Ferrik klor\u00fcr<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Uygulama kapsam\u0131: a\u011f\u0131r metal iyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren kanalizasyon i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/p>\n<p>Dozaj oran\u0131: genellikle 10-50 mg\/L.<\/p>\n<p>Teknik indeks: Ferrik klor\u00fcrdeki aktif bile\u015fen Fe2O3 i\u00e7eri\u011fi 30%'nin \u00fczerinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kullan\u0131m ipu\u00e7lar\u0131: Ferrik klor\u00fcr, yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 dakikal\u0131k bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme s\u00fcresi ve 5-10%'lik genel bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme konsantrasyonu ile kullan\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce tamamen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnek: Ar\u0131tma kapasitesi 200 m\u00b3\/saat olan bir end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisinin a\u011f\u0131r metal iyonlar\u0131n\u0131 gidermesi ve ferrik klor\u00fcr eklemesi gerekmektedir. Deneyime dayanarak, dozaj 20 mg\/L'dir, bu da saatte 4 kg ferrik klor\u00fcr eklenmesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Flok\u00fclant dozaj oran\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Flok\u00fclantlar esas olarak koag\u00fclasyon etkisini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan flok\u00fclantlar aras\u0131nda poliakrilamid (PAM) vb. bulunur.<\/p>\n<p><b>1. Poliakrilamid (PAM)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Uygulama kapsam\u0131: \u00e7e\u015fitli at\u0131k sular\u0131n flok\u00fclasyon ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/p>\n<p>Dozaj oran\u0131: genellikle 0,1-0,5 mg\/L.<\/p>\n<p>Teknik indeks: PAM'\u0131n molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 10 milyonun \u00fczerinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma tekni\u011fi: PAM kullan\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce tamamen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmelidir ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme s\u00fcresi yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 dakikad\u0131r. Genel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme konsantrasyonu 0.1-0.5%'dir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnek: Ar\u0131tma kapasitesi 1000 m\u00b3\/saat olan bir at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisinin PAM eklemesi gerekmektedir. Deneyime g\u00f6re, dozaj 0,3 mg\/L'dir, bu nedenle saatte 0,3 kg PAM eklenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Karbon kayna\u011f\u0131 kimyasallar\u0131n\u0131n dozaj oran\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Karbon kayna\u011f\u0131 kimyasallar esas olarak biyolojik azot giderme i\u015fleminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan karbon kayna\u011f\u0131 kimyasallar\u0131 aras\u0131nda metanol, etanol, asetik asit vb. bulunur.<\/p>\n<p><b>1. Metanol<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Uygulama kapsam\u0131: denitrifikasyon ve azot giderme prosesleri i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/p>\n<p>Dozaj oran\u0131: genellikle 3 mg\/L (giderilen her 1 mg\/L nitrat i\u00e7in).<\/p>\n<p>Teknik endeks: metanol safl\u0131\u011f\u0131 99%'nin \u00fczerinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ipu\u00e7lar\u0131: Metanol do\u011frudan anoksik b\u00f6l\u00fcme eklenmeli ve kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan giri\u015f ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131 ile iyice kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnek: Ar\u0131tma kapasitesi 1000 m\u00b3\/saat olan bir at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisinin 20 mg\/L nitrat azotunu gidermesi ve metanol eklemesi gerekmektedir. Deneyime dayal\u0131 olarak dozaj 60 mg\/L'dir ve bu da saatte 60 kg metanol eklenmesini gerektirir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pratik kullan\u0131m ipu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Kimyasallar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve depolanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kimyasallar kullan\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce tamamen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeli ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme s\u00fcresi ve konsantrasyonu kimyasal\u0131n spesifik \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re belirlenmelidir. Kimyasallar kuru, serin, iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lan bir yerde, do\u011frudan g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klardan uzakta saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>2. Dozlama noktalar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imi<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Kimyasallar\u0131n dozaj noktas\u0131, kimyasallar\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 ve e\u015fit bir \u015fekilde yay\u0131labilmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc t\u00fcrb\u00fclansl\u0131 su ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir yerde se\u00e7ilmelidir. \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 ar\u0131tma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde, ar\u0131tma etkisini iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kimyasallar a\u015famal\u0131 olarak dozlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Dozajlama ekipman\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dozaj\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in dozajlama ekipman\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm pompas\u0131 se\u00e7ilmelidir. Dozajlama ekipman\u0131n\u0131n normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli olarak bak\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>4. \u00c7evrimi\u00e7i izleme ve kontrol<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f suyu kalitesini ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak izlemek ve kimyasal dozaj\u0131n\u0131 zaman\u0131nda ayarlamak i\u00e7in bir \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i izleme sistemi kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f suyu kalitesinin standartlar\u0131 istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kimyasallar\u0131n dozaj\u0131n\u0131 su kalitesindeki de\u011fi\u015fikliklere g\u00f6re otomatik olarak ayarlayacak bir otomatik kontrol sistemi kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kanalizasyon ar\u0131tma tesisi, kimyasallar\u0131 makul bir \u015fekilde se\u00e7erek ve dozajlayarak kanalizasyondaki kirleticileri etkili bir \u015fekilde giderebilir ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f suyu kalitesinin standartlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, dozajlama s\u00fcreci ve ekipman\u0131 optimize edilerek ar\u0131tma verimlili\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131labilir ve i\u015fletme maliyetleri azalt\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>En iyi ar\u0131tma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasallar\u0131n dozaj oran\u0131n\u0131n belirli su kalitesine ve deneysel sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re belirlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n<p><!-- lc-commercial-start --><\/p>\n<h2>How technical buyers and operators usually evaluate wastewater-treatment issues<\/h2>\n<p>Most wastewater-treatment problems are system problems. Teams usually get a better result when they define the process stage and water-quality target first, then review biological, chemical, and operational factors together before making a plant-scale correction.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Start from the process stage:<\/strong> pretreatment, biological treatment, sludge handling, and polishing steps can point to very different root causes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Check the core water-quality data together:<\/strong> pH, COD, nitrogen, salinity, sludge condition, and dissolved oxygen often need to be read as one picture.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Review compliance and operability at the same time:<\/strong> the quickest local fix can still be the wrong commercial move if it destabilizes another part of the plant.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use pilot or staged validation where possible:<\/strong> wastewater systems often respond differently at scale than they do in simplified bench assumptions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>FAQ for buyers and formulators<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Why do many wastewater problems resist one-step fixes?<\/strong><br \/>Because the visible symptom is often created by several interacting process variables rather than one isolated cause.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Should operational changes be evaluated only by one output indicator?<\/strong><br \/>Usually no. A stable treatment decision should consider process balance, compliance, sludge behavior, and the effect on downstream steps as well.<\/p>\n<p><!-- lc-commercial-end --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A sewage treatment plant needs to add various chemicals during the treatment process to ensure that the effluent quality meets the standards. Commonly used chemicals include coagulants, flocculants, carbon sources,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[168],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-water-treatment"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What are the ratios of commonly used chemicals and operating techniques in sewage treatment plants? - Longchang Chemical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A sewage treatment plant needs to add various chemicals during the treatment process to ensure that the effluent quality meets the standards. 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