{"id":5512,"date":"2022-09-03T06:45:31","date_gmt":"2022-09-03T06:45:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/?p=5512"},"modified":"2022-12-14T12:49:09","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T12:49:09","slug":"flame-retardant-principle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/tr\/flame-retardant-principle\/","title":{"rendered":"Alev geciktirici prensibi, ana alev geciktirici t\u00fcrleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alev geciktirici prensibi, ana alev geciktirici t\u00fcrleri<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Alev geciktiriciler, molek\u00fcler malzemelerin tutu\u015fma noktas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak veya malzemelerin yanma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak molek\u00fcler malzemelerin alev direncini art\u0131rmak, b\u00f6ylece kurtarma s\u00fcresini art\u0131rmak, hayat kurtarmak ve kay\u0131plar\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re alev geciktiriciler makromolek\u00fcler polimerik ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck molek\u00fcl tipi alev geciktiriciler olarak ikiye ayr\u0131labilir; kullan\u0131m y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re katk\u0131 maddesi alev geciktiriciler ve reaktif alev geciktiriciler olarak ikiye ayr\u0131labilir; malzemenin halojen i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fine g\u00f6re halojen alev geciktiriciler ve halojen olmayan alev geciktiriciler olarak ikiye ayr\u0131labilir. Katk\u0131l\u0131 alev geciktiriciler \u00e7o\u011funlukla termoplastik polimerlerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r, malzemedeki di\u011fer bile\u015fenlerle kimyasal olarak reaksiyona girmezler ve sadece fiziksel bir \u015fekilde polimer malzemede bulunurlar; reaktif alev geciktiriciler \u00e7o\u011funlukla termoset polimerlerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r, sentetik polimerlerin kimyasal reaksiyonuna kat\u0131l\u0131rlar ve polimerlerin yap\u0131sal birimi haline gelirler.<\/p>\n

Yanman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 ana unsuruna g\u00f6re - yan\u0131c\u0131 madde, yan\u0131c\u0131 madde ve yang\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131, alev geciktiriciler alev geciktirici prensibi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki d\u00f6rt \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak, alev geciktirici elde etmek i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131 emilimi yoluyla. \u0130norganik alev geciktirici al\u00fcminyum hidroksitin y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, kristal suyun sal\u0131nmas\u0131, kristal suyun buharla\u015farak su buhar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi gibi. Bu i\u015flem \u00e7ok fazla \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 emecek, malzeme y\u00fczeyinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltacak, alev geciktirici olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kincisi, yan\u0131c\u0131 olmayan gaz \u00fcreterek oksijeni seyreltir ve yanma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flat\u0131r. Al\u00fcminyum hidroksit alev geciktirici gibi su buhar\u0131 \u00fcreterek malzemenin etraf\u0131ndaki oksijen konsantrasyonunu azaltabilir ve yang\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak, malzemenin y\u00fczeyinde yo\u011fun bir \u00f6rt\u00fc tabakas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131, malzemeyi oksijen temas\u0131ndan izole eder. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131nda fosfor alev geciktiriciler gibi, yanman\u0131n devam etmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in malzemenin etraf\u0131na sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7apraz ba\u011fl\u0131 kat\u0131 malzeme veya karbonize tabakan\u0131n daha kararl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131 haline gelecektir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak, yanma reaksiyonuna dahil olan serbest radikalleri yakalar, serbest radikal zincir reaksiyonunu engeller. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131nda brom alev geciktiriciler, termal ayr\u0131\u015fma ile polimer malzemeler, brom alev geciktiriciler ve termal ayr\u0131\u015fma \u00fcr\u00fcnleri gibi ayn\u0131 zamanda gaz faz\u0131 yanma alan\u0131na, gaz faz\u0131 yanma alan\u0131ndaki serbest radikalleri yakalar, serbest radikal zincir reaksiyonunu inhibe eder, b\u00f6ylece alev yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n

Geni\u015f kategorilere g\u00f6re alev geciktiriciler halojen i\u00e7eren alev geciktiriciler ve halojen i\u00e7ermeyen alev geciktiriciler olarak ikiye ayr\u0131labilir. \u0130kisi aras\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck fark, birincisinin halojen i\u00e7ermesi, ikincisinin ise halojen i\u00e7ermemesidir. Ancak halojensiz, kesinlikle halojen i\u00e7ermeyen de\u011fil, i\u00e7eri\u011finin miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Halojensiz, 900 ppm'den az brom ve klor ve 1500 ppm'den az toplam brom ve klor olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. halojenli alev geciktiriciler esas olarak bromlu alev geciktiriciler ve klorlu alev geciktiricileri ifade eder, bunlardan bromlu alev geciktiriciler en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan ve yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan alev geciktiricilerdir. Alev geciktirici malzemelerin \u00e7o\u011fu halojen i\u00e7erir. Halojenli alev geciktiriciler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ekleme, \u00f6nemli alev geciktirici etki ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyat \u00f6zelliklerine sahiptir. Alev geciktiricilerin eklenmesinde, halojen elementler polimer malzemelerle iyi bir uyumlulu\u011fa sahiptir ve malzemelerin fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerini etkilemez. Ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda, bireysel bromlu alev geciktiricileri de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edemeyiz. Hekzabromosiklododekan gibi, yanma s\u00fcrecinde yang\u0131na, ka\u00e7\u0131\u015fa ve kurtarma \u00e7abalar\u0131na zorluklar getirecek zehirli gazlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7ok fazla duman \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Halojenli alev geciktiriciler konusunda pek \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fan\u0131rken, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ger\u00e7ekleri anlamam\u0131z gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak, bromlu alev geciktiriciler hala d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve \u015fu anda 70 kadar bromlu alev geciktirici t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. AB ve bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkenin yetkili listesi ve aday listesi, 2-3 \u00e7e\u015fit halojenli alev geciktirici de dahil olmak \u00fczere sadece hekzabromosiklododekan i\u00e7ermektedir. Bromlu alev geciktiricilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, insanlar ve \u00e7evre i\u00e7in zarars\u0131z olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in titizlikle de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir ve tetrabromobisfenol A gibi baz\u0131 bromlu alev geciktiriciler sofra tuzundan daha az toksiktir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci olarak, do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda, bromlu alev geciktiricilerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yeni tehlikeli gazlar \u00fcretmez ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik di\u011fer alev geciktirici sistemlerden daha iyidir. Bromlu alev geciktiriciler geni\u015f bir uygulanabilirlik yelpazesine sahiptir, neredeyse t\u00fcm malzemelerin alev geciktirici olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

Halojen i\u00e7ermeyen alev geciktiriciler aras\u0131nda fosfor bazl\u0131 alev geciktiriciler, \u015fi\u015fen alev geciktiriciler, inorganik alev geciktiriciler, silikon i\u00e7eren alev geciktiriciler ve biyo bazl\u0131 alev geciktiriciler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fit halojensiz alev geciktirici vard\u0131r, ancak bunlar ortak bir sorunla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r, yani iyi bir alev geciktirici etki elde etmek zordur ve malzemenin mekani\u011fi ve i\u015fleme \u00f6zellikleri \u00fczerinde bir etkisi vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle, halojenli alev geciktiricilerin ve halojensiz alev geciktiricilerin kendi avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r, insanlar alev geciktiricileri se\u00e7erken alev geciktirilen alt tabakan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7evrenin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc vb. dikkate almal\u0131d\u0131r. Halojensiz alev geciktiricilerin \u00e7o\u011fu fosfor ve nitrojen elementleri i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

I. Fosforlu alev geciktiriciler. Fosfor alev geciktiriciler, inorganik fosfor alev geciktiriciler ve organik fosfor alev geciktiriciler olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r, fosfor alev geciktirici modifikasyonu ve bile\u015fik alev geciktirici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n odak noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Fosforlu alev geciktiriciler esas olarak yang\u0131nda malzemenin ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ilk a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, d\u0131\u015f \u0131s\u0131 ve havadan izole edilmi\u015f koruyucu bir film olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

\u0130kincisi, alev geciktiricilerin geni\u015flemesi. \u015ei\u015fen alev geciktiriciler aleve maruz kalan malzemeyi uzun s\u00fcre etkili bir \u015fekilde koruyabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak, inorganik alev geciktiriciler. \u0130norganik alev geciktiriciler iyi termal stabiliteye, alev geciktiriciye, u\u00e7ucu olmayan, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmayan gaza, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck duman olu\u015fumuna vb. sahiptir ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck halojenli halojensiz alev geciktirici sistemin ana hammaddeleridir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak, silikon i\u00e7eren alev geciktiriciler. Silikon i\u00e7eren alev geciktiriciler, Si-O-Si yap\u0131s\u0131 kararl\u0131d\u0131r ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck toksisite, damlama \u00f6nleyici, yanma s\u0131ras\u0131nda karbon ve duman bast\u0131rma olu\u015fumunu te\u015fvik etme \u00f6zelliklerine sahiptir.<\/p>\n

V. Biyo-bazl\u0131 alev geciktiriciler. Biyo-bazl\u0131 alev geciktiriciler hen\u00fcz ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ilk a\u015famas\u0131nda olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyat, toksik olmama ve geni\u015f kaynak yelpazesi avantajlar\u0131na dayanarak giderek daha fazla ilgi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma oda\u011f\u0131 haline gelmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Alev geciktiricilerin \u00e7evre korumas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilimsel anlay\u0131\u015f. Son y\u0131llarda halojen i\u00e7ermeyen alev geciktiriciler giderek daha fazla ra\u011fbet g\u00f6rmektedir. Uzun zamand\u0131r ve hatta \u015fimdi bile, \"halojen alev geciktiriciler toksik ve zararl\u0131d\u0131r, halojensiz alev geciktiriciler \u00e7evre dostudur ve alev geciktiricilerin gelecekteki y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr\" yanl\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc derinlemesine k\u00f6k salm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halojensiz alev geciktiriciler \"halojensiz = \u00e7evre koruma\" bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 pop\u00fcler hale gelmi\u015ftir. Asl\u0131nda, uluslararas\u0131 ortak kimyasal s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma ve etiketleme sistemine g\u00f6re, 70'ten fazla ticari bromlu alev geciktirici aras\u0131nda sadece TBBA (tetrabromobisfenol A) ve HBCD (hekzabromosiklododekan) iki \u00fcr\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a toksik ve zararl\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fosfat esterlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ve baz\u0131 fosfatlar ve hipofosfatlar gibi halojen olmayan baz\u0131 alev geciktiriciler de \u00e7evreye zararl\u0131 madde etiketi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, belirli kimyasal elementleri i\u00e7ererek \u00e7evre dostu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermek i\u00e7in bilimsel bir temel yoktur.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 seriden alev geciktirici plastikle\u015ftiriciler<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lcflex\u00ae T-50<\/span><\/a><\/td>\nT-50; ASE<\/td>\nCAS 91082-17-6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae ATBC<\/span><\/a><\/td>\nAsetil trib\u00fctil sitrat<\/td>\nCAS 77-90-7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae TBC<\/span><\/a><\/td>\nTrib\u00fctil sitrat<\/td>\nCAS 77-94-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae TCPP<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nTCPP alev geciktirici<\/td>\nCAS 13674-84-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae DOTP<\/span><\/a><\/td>\nDioktil tereftalat<\/td>\nCAS 6422-86-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae DEP<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nDietil ftalat<\/td>\nCAS 84-66-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae TEC<\/a><\/span><\/td>\ntrietil sitrat<\/td>\nCAS 77-93-0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae DOA<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nDioktil adipat<\/td>\nCAS 123-79-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae DOS<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nSEBACIC ACID DI-N-OCTYL ESTER<\/td>\nCAS 2432-87-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae DINP<\/span><\/a><\/td>\nDiisononyl Phthalate<\/td>\nCAS 28553-12-0\/685 15-48-0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae TMP<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nTrimetilolpropan<\/td>\nCAS 77-99-6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae TEP<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nTrietil fosfat<\/td>\nCAS 78-40-0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae TOTM<\/span><\/a><\/td>\nTrioktil trimellitat<\/td>\nCAS 3319-31-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae BBP<\/span><\/a><\/td>\nBiyo-bazl\u0131 plastikle\u015ftiriciler, Y\u00fcksek verimli plastikle\u015ftirici<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflex\u00ae TMP<\/span><\/a><\/td>\nTrimetilol propan<\/td>\nCAS 77-99-6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflare\u00ae TCEP<\/span><\/a><\/td>\nTris(2-kloroetil) fosfat<\/td>\nCAS 115-96-8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflare\u00ae BDP<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nBisfenol-A bis(difenil fosfat)<\/td>\nCAS 5945-33-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lcflare\u00ae TPP<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nTrifenil fosfat<\/td>\nCAS 115-86-6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/h2>\n

\u015eimdi Bize Ula\u015f\u0131n!<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

COA, MSDS veya TDS'ye ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa, l\u00fctfen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki forma ileti\u015fim bilgilerinizi girin, genellikle 24 saat i\u00e7inde sizinle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ece\u011fiz.<\/b><\/strong> Bana e-posta da g\u00f6nderebilirsiniz info@longchangchemical.com<\/span><\/a> \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri i\u00e7inde (8:30 - 6:00 UTC+8 Pzt.~Sat.) veya h\u0131zl\u0131 yan\u0131t almak i\u00e7in web sitesi canl\u0131 sohbetini kullan\u0131n.<\/h4>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alev geciktirici prensibi, ana alev geciktirici t\u00fcrleri Alev geciktiriciler, molek\u00fcler malzemelerin tutu\u015fma noktas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak veya malzemelerin yanma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak molek\u00fcler malzemelerin alev direncini art\u0131rmak, b\u00f6ylece kurtarma s\u00fcresini art\u0131rmak, hayat kurtarmak ve kay\u0131plar\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, alev geciktiriciler [...] olarak ayr\u0131labilir.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5513,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-catalysts-chemical-auxiliary-agents"],"yoast_head":"\nFlame retardant principle, the main types of flame retardant - Longchang Chemical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/tr\/flame-retardant-principle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Flame retardant principle, the main types of flame retardant - Longchang Chemical\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Flame retardant principle, the main types of flame retardant Flame retardants are used to improve the flame-resistance of molecular materials by increasing the ignition point of molecular materials or reducing the burning speed of materials, thus increasing the rescue time, saving lives and reducing losses. 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