{"id":5435,"date":"2022-08-05T13:30:37","date_gmt":"2022-08-05T13:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/?p=5435"},"modified":"2026-04-28T10:42:05","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T10:42:05","slug":"structure-principle-of-action-and-common-types-of-hals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/nl\/structure-principle-of-action-and-common-types-of-hals\/","title":{"rendered":"Structuur, werkingsprincipe en gebruikelijke types van gehydrogeneerde amine lichtstabilisatoren (HALS)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><strong>Structuur, werkingsprincipe en gebruikelijke types van gehydrogeneerde amine lichtstabilisatoren (HALS)<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><!-- lc-qa-start --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Quick answer:<\/strong> For antioxidant, UV absorber, and HALS topics, formulators usually compare long-term protection, process stability, and color control together because those priorities do not always point to the same additive.<\/p>\n<p><!-- lc-qa-end --><\/p>\n<p>In practical weatherability packages, a common combination is <a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/nl\/product\/uv-384-2\/\">UV-absorber 384-2<\/a> together with <a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/nl\/product\/light-stabilizer-292\/\">Lichtstabilisator 292<\/a> to balance UV screening and radical scavenging.<\/p>\n<p>De functie van vrije radicalenvangers is voornamelijk het vangen van de vrije radicalen die ontstaan tijdens de fotoveroudering van coatings, waaronder alkylradicalen, alkoxyradicalen, peroxyradicalen, enz. en het blokkeren van de verdere oxidatieve schade van deze reactieve groepen op organische polymeren. Vrije radicalenvangers zijn onder andere gehinderde fenol lichtstabilisatoren en gehinderde amine lichtstabilisatoren (HALS), twee categorie\u00ebn. De eerste is een fenol structuur, op de vrije radicalen polymerisatie kan een blokkerend effect hebben, licht stabilisatie effect is meestal niet zo goed als gehinderde amine licht stabilisator, en als een antioxidant gebruik komt vaker voor. Gehinderde amine lichtstabilisator is een klasse van high-efficiency lichtstabilisator, is momenteel een van de meest gebruikte lichtstabilisatoren in het anti-licht verouderingsproces van polymeer materialen, heeft vaak een zeer aanzienlijke bevordering van polymeer lichtstabilisatie, door het vangen van polymeer foto-oxidatie, afbraakproces van radicalen, en ontleding van alkylwaterstofperoxide, barst opgewonden toestand energie en andere manieren om het doel van lichtstabilisatie van polymeren te bereiken, maar ook Het is ook een veel voorkomende en effici\u00ebnte lichtstabilisator in de huidige lichtuithardende coatings.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Structureel omvatten gehinderde amines de piperidine-reeks, imidazolidinon-reeks, azetidinon-reeks en andere derivaten, waaronder 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine en de gesubstitueerde derivatenreeks dominant zijn, en de basisstructuren worden getoond in de linker figuur (a) en (b).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Onder de verschillende structuren van HALS komen de N-H structuur en N-methyl gesubstitueerde derivaten veel voor, en de N-acetyl derivaten presteren slecht. De tetramethylpiperidine structuur heeft geen geconjugeerde structuur en chromogene groep, absorbeert geen licht met een golflengte hoger dan 250 nm, en heeft niet de eigenschappen van ultraviolet absorber en excited state bursting agent. Het fotostabilisatiemechanisme is vrij complex, zoals te zien is in de figuur links. Algemeen wordt aangenomen dat het de gehinderde aminestikstof-zuurstofradicalen zijn die echt een directe rol spelen in de fotostabilisatie van polymeren, zoals te zien is in (c) linksboven. HALS is slechts een voorloper van de actieve fotostabiele structuur en onder fotooxidatieomstandigheden zijn oxiderende stoffen zoals ozon, aangeslagen singlet-state zuurstofmoleculen waterstofperoxide, peroxylradicalen en alkylwaterstofperoxide noodzakelijkerwijs aanwezig in het polymeer of worden ze gegenereerd. tetramethylpiperidinestructuur, zoals getoond in (a) en (b) linksboven, zijn gevoelig voor oxidatie door deze reactieve stoffen tot de stikstof-zuurstofradicale structuur, zoals getoond in (c) linksboven. De nitroxide-radicaalstructuur is een relatief stabiel radicaal dat onder conventionele omstandigheden kan worden ge\u00efsoleerd en gezuiverd.<\/p>\n<p>HALS stikstof-zuurstofradicalen kunnen de vrije radicalen die ontstaan tijdens fotoveroudering vangen en hun verdere schadelijke reacties blokkeren. Het schematische diagram van het effect wordt hierboven getoond.<\/p>\n<p>De door fotoaging gegenereerde ketenradicalen kunnen ook interageren met zuurstofmoleculen binnen de uitgeharde film om peroxylradicalen te vormen, d.w.z. de stikstof-zuurstofradicalen en zuurstofmoleculen concurreren voor binding aan de ketenradicalen, en de bindingsreactie tussen zuurstofmoleculen en koolstof-gecentreerde radicalen wordt enigszins gedomineerd door de snelheidsconstante. Gelukkig wordt binnen vaste polymeerfilms, vooral binnen vernette polymeercoatings, de diffusie van zuurstofmoleculen beperkt en is de concentratie zuurstofmoleculen binnen de film veel lager dan de concentratie stikstof-zuurstofradicalen. Daarom zijn de stikstof-zuurstofradicalen relatief dominant in de afsluitreactie van de ketenradicalen. Het nitroxylradicaal vangt aanvankelijk alleen polymeerketenradicalen en vormt een gehinderd piperidine zuurstofgesloten polymeerketensegment, aangeduid als NOR, dat ook kan blijven interageren met de peroxideradicalen die worden gegenereerd door fotoaging in het polymeersysteem, waarbij peroxideradicalen worden verbruikt en tegelijkertijd actieve nitroxylradicalen en gehinderde aminestructuren worden geregenereerd, waardoor een opwaartse spiraal van HALS wordt gevormd. Dit is waarschijnlijk het belangrijkste mechanisme waardoor HALS zijn fotostabiliserende werking uitoefent. Zoals te zien is in het diagram linksboven.<\/p>\n<p>HALS is ontwikkeld vele kwaliteiten van gehinderde amine lichte stabilisatoren, de verscheidenheid van de meest gebruikte lichte stabilisatoren bezetten een dominante positie, HALS te wijten aan de kenmerken van de amine, met een bepaalde alkalische, zure protonatie, de omzetting in stikstof zuurstofradicale activiteit zal worden verminderd. Daarom moeten HALS met een hoge alkaliteit niet worden gebruikt in zure of zuur-gekatalyseerde coating formuleringen, en soortgelijke problemen bestaan voor halogeenhoudende vlamvertragende coatings. De structuur van HALS heeft een significant effect op de zuurgraad en alkaliteit, en de relatie tussen structuur en zuurgraad wordt in onderstaande tabel weergegeven.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>De alkaliteit van N-gealkyleerd gehydrogeneerd amine (N-CH3) is iets zwakker dan die van gehydrogeneerd amine met secundaire aminestructuur (N-H), en hydroxylaminestructuur, O-gealkyleerde hydroxylaminestructuur en geacetyleerde gehydrogeneerde aminelijnorganismen vertonen zelfs enige zwakke zuurgraad. Bij het verminderen van de basiciteit van gehinderde amine lichtstabilisatoren moet ook rekening worden gehouden met factoren zoals hun reactiviteit. Vanuit het oogpunt van de toepassing, de zwakkere alkalische gehinderde amine licht stabilisator is over het algemeen meer O-gealkyleerde hydroxylamine structuur en geacetyleerde gehinderde amine derivaten, deze HALS geschikt voor zure omgeving coating formuleringen.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- lc-commercial-start --><\/p>\n<h2>A practical selection route for antioxidant, UV absorber, and HALS packages<\/h2>\n<p>Most stabilizer decisions work best when they are treated as package decisions rather than single-product decisions. Technical buyers usually get the strongest answer by reviewing long-term heat aging, process stability, weather exposure, and color sensitivity together.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Separate processing protection from long-term stability:<\/strong> the best additive for melt history is not always the same one that gives the best service-life retention.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use synergy deliberately:<\/strong> many polymer and coating systems perform best when primary and secondary stabilizers are paired intentionally.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Review color and clarity requirements:<\/strong> clear, pale, food-contact, or white systems often need a tighter package than dark industrial products.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Check the real aging condition:<\/strong> heat, UV, humidity, and outdoor exposure can each change which stabilizer route is commercially strongest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Recommended product references<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/nl\/product\/hema-monomer-cas-868-77-9\/\">CHLUMICRYL HEMA<\/a>:<\/strong> A well-known polar monomer reference in adhesion- and reactivity-driven systems.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/nl\/product\/chlumiao-1010-cas-6683-19-8\/\">CHLUMIAO 1010<\/a>:<\/strong> A widely used primary antioxidant benchmark for long-term thermal stability.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/nl\/product\/chlumiao-168-cas-31570-04-4\/\">CHLUMIAO 168<\/a>:<\/strong> A practical process-stability reference when hydroperoxide control matters.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/nl\/product\/light-stabilizer-123-tinuvin-123-cas-129757-67-1\/\">CHLUMILS UV-123<\/a>:<\/strong> A strong HALS reference for weatherability-focused screens in coatings and polymers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>FAQ for buyers and formulators<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Why are stabilizer packages often stronger than a single additive?<\/strong><br \/>Because different products can protect different parts of the degradation pathway, so the package often covers more risk than one grade alone.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Does adding more antioxidant or UV stabilizer always improve performance?<\/strong><br \/>Not necessarily. Over-dosing can increase cost and sometimes create side effects, so most systems perform best inside a tested dosage window.<\/p>\n<p><!-- lc-commercial-end --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The function of free radical trapping agents is mainly to capture the free radicals generated during the photoaging of coatings, including alkyl radicals, alkoxy radicals, peroxy radicals, etc., and block<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-catalysts-chemical-auxiliary-agents"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Structure, principle of action and common types of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) - Longchang Chemical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The function of free radical trapping agents is mainly to capture the free radicals generated during the photoaging of coatings, including alkyl radical...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/nl\/structure-principle-of-action-and-common-types-of-hals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"nl_NL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Structure, principle of action and common types of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) - 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