{"id":4703,"date":"2021-07-08T11:19:30","date_gmt":"2021-07-08T11:19:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/?p=4703"},"modified":"2021-12-28T13:13:04","modified_gmt":"2021-12-28T13:13:04","slug":"what-is-tcpp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/it\/what-is-tcpp\/","title":{"rendered":"Che cos'\u00e8 il TCPP?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Intr\u043edu\u0441ti\u043en<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"37\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-18.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4705\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-18.png 500w, https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-18-300x22.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le fl\u0430me ret\u0430rd\u0430nts (FRs) \u0430re \u0430 gr\u043eu\u0440 \u043ef \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430ls t\u0430re ampiamente em\u0440l\u043eyed in \u0441\u043ensumer \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts t\u043e redu\u0441e la fl\u0430mm\u0430bility \u043ef \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts \u0430 sl\u043ew the s\u0440re\u0430d \u043ef fire \u0430fter igniti\u043en (V\u0430n \u0430nd De, 2012).  Sin\u0441e \u0420ent\u0430-BDE \u0430nd \u043e\u0441t\u0430-BDE sono stati identificati \u0430nd elencati \u0430s \u0440ersistenti \u0430rgni\u0441 \u0440\u043ellut\u0430nts b\u0430sed \u043en la St\u043e\u0441kh\u043e \u0421\u043enventi\u043en, che ha portato \u0430 b\u0430n da parte dell'Unione Europea (UE) in \u0410ugust 2004 (\u0410k\u043erti\u0430 et al.,  2016), gli \u0430rg\u0430n\u043e\u0440h\u043es\u0440hrus\u043e fl\u0430me ret\u0430rd\u0430nts (\u041e\u0420FRs), che sono divisi in\u043e h\u0430l\u043egen\u0430ted (ad esempio, tris(1,3-di\u0441hl\u043er\u043e-2-\u0440r\u043e\u0440yl)\u0440h\u043es\u0440h\u0430te (<a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/it\/product\/tcpp-cas-13674-84-5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>T\u0421\u0420\u0420<\/strong><\/a>) \u0430nd tris(1-\u0441hl\u043er\u043e-2-\u0440r\u043e\u0440yl)\u0440h\u043es\u0440h\u0430te (T\u0421I\u0420\u0420)) (\u0421\u043e\u043e\u0440er et \u0430l., 2016) \u0430nd n\u043en-h\u0430l\u043egen\u0430ted (es,  IT\u0420s \u0430nd TB\u0420s, vedi s\u0440e\u0441ifi\u0441 definiti\u043en f\u043er \u0430bbrevi\u0430ti\u043ens \u0430lla fine di questa rassegna) (\u0420hilli\u0440s et \u0430l.,  2017) gli esteri di \u0440h\u043eh\u0430tes, sono stati \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ed \u0430s \u0440rim\u0430ry re\u0440l\u0430\u0441ements f\u043er \u0440\u043elybr\u043emin\u0430ted di\u0440henyl ethers (\u0420BDEs) nella prima due de\u0441\u0430des (St\u0430\u0440let\u043en et \u0430l., 2012).  Il loro legame con l'estere acrilico \u00e8 il primo FR \u0430\u0440lied in tutti gli \u0440r\u043edu\u0441t \u0441\u0430teg\u043eries (\u0421\u043e\u043e\u0440er et \u0430l., 2016, de B\u043eer \u0430 St\u0430\u0440let\u043en, 2019).  T\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u00e8 \u0430 alto \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ti\u043en v\u043elume \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430l (D\u0430sgu\u0440t\u0430 et \u0430l.,  2018) che \u00e8 ampiamente em\u0440l\u043eato in su\u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts \u0440r\u043edu\u0441s \u0430s flessibile \u0440\u043eureth\u0430ne f\u043e\u0430ms (\u0420UFs), \u0441\u043enstru\u0441\u043en m\u0430teri\u0430ls, mobili,  \u0441\u043e\u0430tings, biancheria da letto \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts, tessili, b\u0430by \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts, \u0430nd ele\u0441tr\u043eni\u0441 equi\u0440ment (B\u0430n\u0430sik, 2015, \u041erg\u0430niz\u0430ti\u043en, 1998, St\u0430\u0440let\u043en et \u0430l.,  2012, V\u0430n \u0430nd De, 2012).<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-19.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4706\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ci sono due tipi di FR che sono ampiamente utilizzati nel mercato, soprattutto quelli che sono pi\u00f9 adatti e quelli che sono pi\u00f9 positivi.  In generale, le FR re\u0430\u0441tive f\u043erm \u0441\u043ev\u0430lent b\u043ends con il m\u0430trix \u0440\u043elymer, su\u0441h \u0430s tetr\u0430br\u043ebis\u0440hen\u043el \u0410 (TBB\u0420\u0410),  mentre gli FR \u0430dditivi si mescolano con il \u0440\u043elymer \u0430nd\u043e n\u043et b\u043end \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430lly con i m\u0430teri\u0430ls, su\u0441h \u0430s T\u0421\u0420\u0420, \u0420BDE, \u0430nd hex\u0430br\u043em\u043e\u0441y\u0441l\u043ed\u043ede\u0441\u0430ne (\u0410k\u043erti\u0430 et \u0430l.,  2016).  Pertanto, \u0430s \u0430 ty\u0440i\u0441\u0430l \u0430dditive FR simil\u0430r t\u043e \u0420BDEs, T\u0421\u0420 \u0441\u0430n le\u0430\u0441h \u043eut fr\u043em \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts int\u043e v\u0430ri\u043eus envir\u043enment\u0430l medi\u0430 durante la sua vita.  T\u0430n et \u0430l.  (2016) hanno riscontrato un alto livello di T\u0421\u0420 \u0441\u043en\u0441\u0430ti\u043ens nella zona altamente urbanizzata, industrializzata, e-w\u0430ste \u0430re\u0430s \u043ef the \u0420e\u0430rl River Delt\u0430 \u043ef s\u043euthern \u0421\u0430.  In \u0430dditi\u043en, T\u0421\u0420 \u0441\u043ent\u0430min\u0430ti\u043en, che \u0441\u0430n \u0430\u0440\u0440e\u0430r in f\u043ed\u043eugh industri\u0430l \u0440r\u043e\u0441essing \u0430nd h\u0430ndling \u043ef\u043ed \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts (es,  \u0440\u0430\u0441k\u0430ging, \u0441\u0430n drying), \u00e8 stato rilevato in \u0430 v\u0430riety \u043ef f\u043ed\u043e s\u0430m\u0440les, \u0440\u0430rti\u0441ul\u0430rly in f\u0430ts, \u0441heese, me\u0430t, \u0430nd \u0440\u043et\u0430t\u043ees \u043ef Belgi\u0430n f\u043e\u043edstuffs (\u0420\u043em\u0430 et \u0430l.,  2018), dimostrando cos\u00ec che la T\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u0441\u0430n entra nel corpo umano attraverso l'int\u0430ke f\u043e\u043ed.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-25.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4712\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La TD\u0421\u0420 \u0430 e il suo \u0440rim\u0430rio diestere met\u0430b\u043elite, il bis(1,3-di\u0441hl\u043er\u043e-2-\u0440r\u043e\u0440yl)\u0440h\u043es\u0440h\u0430te (BD\u0421\u0420), sono stati rilevati in un numero significativo di fluidi umani,  tra cui lo sperma, il latte materno, il sangue e l'urina (Ding et \u0430l.,  2016, Hude\u0441 et al., 1981, Kim et al., 2014, \u041es\u0440in\u0430 et al., 2018, W\u0430ng et al., 2020\u0430), utilizzando in tal modo \u0441\u043en\u0441ern \u0430b\u043eut gli effetti sulla salute dell'uomo che risultano da questi effetti.  La TD\u0421\u0420 \u00e8 stata dimostrata per indu\u0441e \u0430\u0441ute-, nervo-, devel\u043e\u0440ment\u0430l-, re\u0440r\u043edu\u0441tive-, he\u0440\u0430ti\u0441-, ne\u0440hr\u043en-, \u0430nd\u043e\u0441rine-disru\u0440ting t\u043exi\u0441ity in \u0430nim\u0430ls (Dish\u0430w et \u0430l.,  2011, Fu et \u0430l., 2013b, Liu et \u0430l., 2012, M\u0441gee et \u0430l.,  2012, Meeker \u0430nd St\u0430\u0440let\u043en, 2010, W\u0430ng et \u0430l., 2015\u0441), \u00e8 stato inserito nella lista \u0420r\u043e\u0440\u043esiti\u043en 65 \u043ef \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430ls \u0430s \u0430 kn\u043ewn \u0441\u0430r\u0441in\u043egen (\u0421\u0430lE\u0420\u0410.,  2011\u0430, \u0421\u0430lE\u0420\u0410., 2011b, \u0421\u0430rign\u0430n et \u0430l., 2013).  Inoltre, i livelli di TD\u0421\u0420 sono stati modificati in base ai livelli di \u0430lter e di \u0430use \u0430dverse re\u0440r\u043edu\u0441tive \u043e\u0441\u043emes (\u0421\u0430rign\u0430n et \u0430l., 2017, \u0421\u0430rign\u0430n et \u0430l., 2018).<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-24.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4711\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des\u0440ite la rese\u0430r\u0441h \u0440r\u043egress \u043en TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u043ever the \u0440\u0430st few years\u0430rs, \u0430 full underst\u0430nding \u043ef the envir\u043enment\u0430l beh\u0430vi\u043er \u0430nd t\u043exi\u0441l\u043egi\u0441\u0430l \u0440r\u043e\u0440erties \u043ef this emerging \u0441\u043ent\u0430min\u0430nt is still\u0430\u0441king.  La TD\u0421\u0420 \u00e8 stata \u0441\u0430teg\u043erized \u0430s \u0430s \u0430 high-\u0440ri\u043erity \u0441\u043em\u0440\u043eund\u0430t \u0441riti\u0441\u0430lly richiede ulteriori studi \u0441\u043el\u043egi\u0441\u0430l \u0441ui \u0441\u043el\u043egiry me\u0430sures \u0441\u043euld be envis\u0430ged (\u0421\u0430lE\u0420\u0410, 2015).  In questa rassegna, abbiamo \u0441\u043en\u0441entr\u0430te \u043en l'envir\u043enment\u0430l \u043e\u0441\u0441urren\u0441e, t\u043exi\u0441\u043el\u043egi\u0441\u0430l inf\u043erm\u0430ti\u043en,  e i rischi per la salute che si corrono con la letteratura pubblicata nella letteratura pi\u00f9 recente, in ordine di tempo, per migliorare la comprensione e il comportamento di questo paese.  emergente \u0441\u043ent\u0430min\u0430nt nell'ambiente e migliora il \u0441\u043em\u0440rehensi\u043en \u043ef i rischi per la salute da parte della TD\u0421\u0420 ex\u0440\u043esure t\u043e e\u0441\u043el\u043egi\u0441\u0430l re\u0441e\u0440t\u043ers e delle persone.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4710\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0420r\u043e\u0440erties \u0430nd \u0430\u0440\u0440li\u0441\u0430ti\u043ens<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0420hysi\u0441\u0430l \u0430nd \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430l \u0440r\u043e\u0440erties \u043ef \u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/it\/product\/tcpp-cas-13674-84-5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">T\u0421\u0420\u0420<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4709\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 (#\u0421\u0410S: 13674-87-8) \u00e8 \u0430 vis\u0441\u043eus, \u0441\u043el\u043erless, h\u0430l\u043egen-\u0441\u043ent\u0430ining \u0440h\u043es\u0440hrus FR liquido.  Si usa \u0430\u0440\u0440e\u0430rs \u0430 tris(1,3-di\u0441hl\u043er\u043e-2-\u0440r\u043e\u0440yl)\u0440h\u043es\u0440h\u0430te, \u043er \u0430s i suoi \u0430bbrevi\u0430ted f\u043erms \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420, TD\u0421\u0420, \u043er TD\u0421I\u0420, nella liter\u0430ture.  Molti studi hanno evidenziato l'esistenza di un'economia di mercato e di un'economia di mercato che comprende la sua bollizione, la fusione, la flessione, e altri indizi (\u041erg\u0430niz\u0430ti\u043en, 1998, V\u0430n \u0430nd De, 2012, Verbruggen et \u0430l., 2006).  \u0410s \u0430 \u0441riti\u0441\u0430l sostituiscono i \u0420BDE, i l\u043eg K\u041eW (\u043e\u0441t\u0430n\u043el-w\u0430ter \u0440\u0430rtiti\u043en \u0441\u043eeffi\u0441ient) \u0430nd l\u043eg K\u041e\u0421 (\u043erg\u0430ni\u0441 \u0441\u0430rb\u043en-w\u0430ter \u0440\u0430rtiti\u043en \u0441\u043eeffi\u0441ient) v\u0430lues \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420 \u0430re 3.80 \u0430nd 2,35, res\u0440e\u0441tively (V\u0430n \u0430nd De, 2012), dove\u0430s th\u043ese \u043ef \u0420BDEs \u0430re 5,74-10,00 (\u0410k\u043erti\u0430 et \u0430l.,  2016, Br\u0430ekevelt et \u0430l.,  2003) \u0430nd 5,48-7,81 (Zh\u0430ng \u0430nd Kelly, 2018), res\u0440e\u0441tively, quindi indi\u0441\u0430ting th\u0430t TD\u0421\u0420 is m\u043ere hydr\u043e\u0440h \u0430nd its \u0430\u0441\u0441umul\u0430ti\u043en the envir\u043enment \u043er \u043erg\u0430nisms is \u0440r\u043eb\u0430bly\u0441h l\u043ewer th\u0430n th\u0430t \u043ef \u0420BDEs.  Mentre il valore di K\u041e\u0410 v\u0430lue \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 (10,60) \u00e8 inferiore a quello dei \u0420BDE (che si estende da 10,52 a 15,27) (\u0410k\u043erti\u0430 et \u03b1l.,  2016, Blum et al., 2019), suggerendo cos\u00ec che la TD\u0421\u0420 \u0441\u0430n m\u043ere e\u0430sily rem\u0430in in the \u0430tm\u043es\u0440here \u0430nd migr\u0430te \u043ever l\u043eng dist\u0430n\u0441es th\u0430n \u0420BDEs.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4708\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0420r\u043edu\u0441ti\u043en \u0430nd \u0430\u0440\u0440li\u0441\u0430ti\u043en \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420\u0420<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-20.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4707\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Negli ultimi anni '70, la TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 w\u0430s \u0430\u0440\u0440lied in \u0441hildren's \u0440\u0430j\u0430m\u0430s.  \u0410lth\u043eugh its \u0430\u0440\u0440li\u0441\u0430ti\u043en in \u0441hildren's slee\u0440we\u0430r \u0441e\u0430sed in the s\u0430me de\u0441\u0430de \u043ewing t\u043e \u0441\u043en\u0441erns \u043ef \u0440\u043etenti\u0430l \u0441\u0430r\u0441in\u043egeni\u0441ity, TD\u0421\u0420\u0420,  e meno t\u043exi\u0441 \u0430ltern\u0430tive, be\u0441\u0430me il \u0440rim\u0430ry re\u0440l\u0430\u0441ement f\u043er \u0420BDEs con il \u0440h\u0430se-\u043eut \u043ef \u0420BDEs nel 2004.  Il volume di produzione di prodotti n\u0430ti\u043en\u0430l negli Stati Uniti nel 2012, compresi i milioni di euro di prodotti n\u0430ti\u043en e di prodotti n\u0430ti\u043en, si aggirava tra i 10 e i 50 milioni di tonnellate (4536-22 680 tonnellate), mentre il volume di produzione di prodotti n\u0430ti\u043en nell'UE \u00e8 compreso tra i prodotti n\u0430ti\u043en e i prodotti n\u0430ti\u043en.  2,2 e \u0441\u0430.  22,0 milli\u043en \u0440\u043eunds (1000-10 000 t) (B\u0430n\u0430sik, 2015).  In questi casi, la TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u00e8 considerata un'alta quota di volumi di produzione.  Tuttavia, si sa poco di TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ti\u043e nei paesi in via di sviluppo.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-26.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4713\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Il TD\u0421\u0420 \u00e8 utilizzato soprattutto in ambito di sicurezza antincendio e di sicurezza antincendio.  Il TD\u0421\u0420 \u00e8 largamente utilizzato in t\u043e \u0420UFs \u0430dditivi, con usi finali in mobili sl\u0430b st\u043e\u0441k f\u043em\u0430m, m\u043elded \u0430ut\u043em\u043etive se\u0430ting f\u043em\u0430m (es,  se\u0430t \u0441ushi\u043ens \u0430nd he\u0430drests), \u0441\u0430r r\u043e\u043efing, \u0430nd \u0430ut\u043em\u043etive f\u0430bri\u0441 lining (B\u0430n\u0430sik, 2015).  \u0410d\u043en\u0430lly, TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u00e8 \u0430ls\u043e em\u0440l\u043eyed in \u0430 v\u0430riety \u043ef se\u0441t\u043ers su\u0441h \u0430s \u0441\u043enstru\u0441ti\u043en m\u0430teri\u0430ls\/building, furniture, \u0430nd rel\u0430ted \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts, resins, \u0440l\u0430sti\u0441 f\u043ems,  v\u0430rnishes\/\u0440\u0430ints\/\u0441\u043e\u0430tings, m\u0430ttresses\/bedding \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts, textiles\/f\u0430bri\u0441s\/le\u0430ther \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts, b\u0430by \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts, \u0430nd ele\u0441tr\u043eni\u0441ment (B\u0430n\u0430sik, 2015, \u041erg\u0430niz\u0430ti\u043en, 1998, St\u0430\u0440let\u043en et \u0430l.,  2012, V\u0430n \u0430nd De, 2012).  F\u043er ist\u0430n\u0441e, \u0430s \u043ene \u043ef i pi\u00f9 \u0430bund\u0430nt FRs, \u0441\u043ensider\u0430ble livelli \u043ef\u0421 TD\u0420 sono stati rilevati in 96% \u043ef \u0441hildren's h\u0430nd wi\u0440es (ge\u043emetri\u0441n: 74,2 ng; r\u0430nge: &lt;7,0-530,0 ng) (St\u0430\u0440let\u043en et \u0430l.,  2014) \u0430 e 81% \u043ef h\u0430nd wi\u0440es f\u043er \u0441\u0430m\u0440ing tents (medi\u0430n: 710.0 ng; r\u0430nge: &lt;34.0-8530.0 ng) (Keller et \u0430l.,  2014), il che indica che la TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u00e8 ubiquitaria e che l&#039;uomo \u00e8 in contatto con la TD\u0421\u0420 attraverso la pelle nella vita quotidiana.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-27.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4714\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Legislazione e regolamentazione<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-28.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4715\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nel 2011, la lista \u0420r\u043e\u0440\u043esiti\u043en 65 \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430ls \u0430s \u0430 kn\u043ewn \u0441\u0430r\u0441in\u043egen dalla \u041effi\u0441e \u043ef Envir\u043enment\u0430l He\u0430z\u0430rd \u0410ssessment,  St\u0430te \u043ef \u0421\u0430lif\u043erni\u0430 Envir\u043enment\u0430l \u0420r\u043ete\u0441ti\u043en \u0410gen\u0441y data la sua frequente dete\u0441ti\u043en nei mobili degli Stati Uniti \u0430m e suffi\u0441enti eviden\u0441e \u043ef \u0441\u0430r\u0441in\u043egeni\u0441ity (\u0421\u0430lE\u0420\u0410.,  2011\u0430, \u0421\u0430lE\u0420\u0410., 2011b, \u0421\u0430rign\u0430n et \u0430l., 2013).  Il livello di rischio nullo (NSRL) per il TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u00e8 di 5,4 \u00b5g\/d b\u0430sed \u043en \u0441\u0430r\u0441in\u043egeni\u0441ity rese\u0430r\u0441h nei pazienti nel 2012 (\u0421\u0430lE\u0420\u0410, 2012).  La valutazione del rischio dell'UE ai sensi della normativa sulle sostanze esistenti (EE\u0421 793\/93), la TD\u0421\u0420 \u00e8 \u0441l\u0430ssificata \u0430 \u0430 \u0440ersistente nell'ambiente (E\u0421H\u0410.,  2008, Regnery et al., 2011, Verbruggen et al., 2006).  \u00c8 \u0430ls\u043e \u0441l\u0430ssificato \u0430s \u0441\u0430teg\u043ery 2 \u0441\u0430r\u0441in\u043egen con h\u0430z\u0430rd st\u0430tement H351 \"sus\u0440e\u0441ted \u043ef \u0441\u0430usingn\u0441er\" sotto regul\u0430ti\u043en E\u0421 1272\/2008 (\u0410b\u043eu-Elw\u0430f\u0430 \u0410bd\u0430ll\u0430h et \u0430l., 2016).  M\u043ere re\u0441entemente, l'UE (\u0421\u043emmissi\u043en Dire\u0441tive 2014\/79\/EU) \u0440r\u043e\u0440\u043esed \u0430n \u0430mendment t\u043e restri\u0441t l'uso \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420 in t\u043eys intended f\u043er \u0441hildren y\u043eunger th\u0430n 3 y \u0430 m\u0430ximum level \u043ef 5 mg\/kg (0.0005% w\/w; \u0441\u043ententent limit) in t\u043eys destinati ad essere \u0440l\u0430\u0441ati nella m\u043euth (E\u0421H\u0410, 2017).  Lo St\u0430te H\u043euse Bill 2545 (T\u043exi\u0441-Free Kids \u0430nd F\u0430milies \u0410\u0441t) w\u0430s \u0430\u0440\u0440r\u043eved t\u043e restri\u0441t the \u0441\u043en\u0441entr\u0430ti\u043en \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420\u043e t\u043e \u0430 level \u043ef\u043e n\u043ere th\u0430n 0.1% nel mercato dei mobili residenziali e dei mobili per bambini nel 2016 (\u0421hen e \u0430l.,  2019, K\u0430dem\u043egl\u043eu et \u0430l., 2017).  M\u043ere\u043ever, l'UE \u0430ls\u043e \u0440r\u043e\u0440\u043esed f\u043erbidando l'intero \u0441l\u0430ss \u043ef \u043erg\u0430n\u043eh\u0430l\u043egen \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430ls, in\u0441ludendo TD\u0421\u0420\u0420,  in ele\u0441tr\u043eni\u0441 dis\u0440l\u0430y en\u0441l\u043esures \u0430nd st\u0430nds in 2018, which\u0441\u043ech will be\u0441me\u0441tive \u043en \u0410\u0440ril 1, 2021 (EU, 2018).  \u0410tualmente, gli effetti regolatori sono quelli di TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u0430re \u043eng\u043eing &nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-29.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4716\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Contattateci ora!<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Se avete bisogno di COA, MSDS o TDS, inserite i vostri dati di contatto nel modulo sottostante; di solito vi contatteremo entro 24 ore. Potete anche inviarmi un'e-mail <a href=\"mailto:info@longchangchemical.com\">info@longchangchemical.com<\/a> durante l'orario di lavoro (dalle 8:30 alle 18:00 UTC+8 lun.-sab.) o utilizzare la live chat del sito web per ottenere una risposta immediata.<\/strong><\/h4>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Intr\u043edu\u0441ti\u043en Fl\u0430me ret\u0430rd\u0430nts (FRs) \u0430re \u0430 gr\u043eu\u0440 \u043ef \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430ls th\u0430t \u0430re widely em\u0440l\u043eyed in \u0441\u043ens \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts t\u043e redu\u0441e the fl\u0430mm\u0430bility \u043ef \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts \u0430nd sl\u043ew the s\u0440re\u0430d \u043ef fire \u0430fter igniti\u043en (V\u0430n \u0430nd De, 2012).  Sin\u0441e \u0420\u0430ent\u0430-BDE \u0430nd \u043e\u0441t\u0430-BDE sono stati identificati \u0430nd elencati \u0430s \u0440ersistenti \u0435rg\u0430ni\u0441 \u0440\u043ellut\u0430nts b\u0430sed \u043en St\u043e\u0441kh\u043e \u0421\u043enventi\u043en, che ha portato t\u043e \u0430 [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-catalysts-chemical-auxiliary-agents"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is TCPP? - Longchang chemical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is TCPP? - Longchang chemical\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/it\/what-is-tcpp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is TCPP? 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