{"id":7830,"date":"2025-01-06T10:57:04","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T10:57:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/?p=7830"},"modified":"2026-04-28T09:55:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T09:55:32","slug":"what-are-the-ratios-of-commonly-used-chemicals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/id\/what-are-the-ratios-of-commonly-used-chemicals\/","title":{"rendered":"Berapa rasio bahan kimia yang umum digunakan dan teknik pengoperasian di pabrik pengolahan limbah?"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Quick answer:<\/strong> For sewage, biochemical, and wastewater-treatment topics, operators usually move fastest when they review the process stage, water quality data, and control objective together rather than chasing one symptom alone.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Instalasi pengolahan limbah perlu menambahkan berbagai bahan kimia selama proses pengolahan untuk memastikan bahwa kualitas limbah memenuhi standar. Bahan kimia yang umum digunakan termasuk koagulan, flokulan, sumber karbon, dll. Artikel ini akan memperkenalkan rasio dosis, indikator teknis, dan teknik operasi praktis dari bahan kimia ini. Dalam penggunaan aktual, penyesuaian harus dilakukan sesuai dengan kualitas air tertentu dan tujuan pengolahan, dan dosis optimal mungkin perlu ditentukan melalui eksperimen.<\/p>\n

Rasio dosis koagulan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Koagulan terutama digunakan untuk menghilangkan padatan tersuspensi dan partikel koloid dalam limbah. Koagulan yang umum digunakan termasuk aluminium sulfat, polialuminum klorida (PAC), dan besi klorida.<\/p>\n

1. Aluminium sulfat<\/b><\/p>\n

Lingkup aplikasi: cocok untuk limbah dengan pH tinggi dan alkalinitas tinggi.<\/p>\n

Rasio dosis: umumnya 50-150 mg\/L.<\/p>\n

Indeks teknis: kandungan bahan aktif aluminium sulfat Al2O3 harus di atas 15%.<\/p>\n

Tips pengoperasian: Aluminium sulfat harus dilarutkan sepenuhnya sebelum digunakan, dan waktu pelarutan sekitar 30 menit. Konsentrasi pembubaran umum adalah 5-10%.<\/p>\n

Contoh: Sebuah instalasi pengolahan limbah dengan kapasitas pengolahan 1000 m\u00b3\/jam dan pH air baku 7,5 perlu menambahkan aluminium sulfat. Berdasarkan pengalaman, dosisnya adalah 100 mg\/L, yang berarti 100 kg aluminium sulfat perlu ditambahkan per jam.<\/p>\n

2. Polialuminum klorida (PAC)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lingkup aplikasi: Cocok untuk limbah dengan berbagai nilai pH, terutama limbah dengan kekeruhan tinggi.<\/p>\n

Rasio dosis: Umumnya 10-50 mg\/L.<\/p>\n

Indeks teknis: Alkalinitas PAC harus antara 50-80%.<\/p>\n

Kiat pengoperasian: PAC harus dilarutkan sepenuhnya sebelum digunakan, dan waktu pelarutan sekitar 30 menit. Konsentrasi pelarutan umum adalah 5-10%.<\/p>\n

Contoh: Sebuah pabrik pengolahan limbah dengan kapasitas 500 m\u00b3\/jam dan kekeruhan air baku yang tinggi perlu menambahkan PAC. Berdasarkan pengalaman, dosisnya adalah 30 mg\/L, yang berarti 15 kg PAC perlu ditambahkan per jam.<\/p>\n

Konsentrasi yang sebenarnya harus disesuaikan dengan kualitas air dan tujuan pengolahan yang spesifik, dan dosis optimal mungkin perlu ditentukan melalui eksperimen.<\/p>\n

Konsentrasi dosis tipikal: Konsentrasi dosis tipikal polialuminium klorida adalah 10%-16%. Ini berarti bahwa 10-16 kg bubuk kering PAC terkandung dalam 100 kg larutan PAC. Konsentrasi ini mengacu pada konsentrasi larutan kimia, tidak secara langsung terkait dengan volume air.<\/p>\n

Dosis<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dosis per ton limbah: Dosis polialuminium klorida adalah sekitar 0,5-2kg bubuk PAC kering per ton limbah. Dosis ini ditentukan berdasarkan karakteristik limbah dan persyaratan pengolahan. Penggunaan aktual harus disesuaikan dengan kualitas air dan tujuan pengolahan tertentu.<\/p>\n

Dosis untuk kualitas air yang berbeda: Dosis PAC bervariasi dalam kondisi kualitas air yang berbeda. Berikut adalah beberapa nilai referensi:<\/p>\n

Air rumah tangga: 2,5-25kg\/1.000 ton air<\/p>\n

Air industri: 2,5-25 kg\/1.000 ton air<\/p>\n

Limbah kota: 15-50 kg\/1.000 ton air<\/p>\n

Air limbah elektroplating: 20-100 kg\/1.000 ton air<\/p>\n

Air limbah metalurgi: 20-150 kg\/1.000 ton air<\/p>\n

Air limbah pembuatan kertas: 50-300 kg\/1.000 ton air<\/p>\n

Air limbah penyamakan: 100-300 kg\/1.000 ton air<\/p>\n

Air limbah makanan: 50-150 kg\/1.000 ton air<\/p>\n

Air limbah kimia: 50-100 kg\/1.000 ton air<\/p>\n

Air limbah emulsifikasi: 50-200 kg\/1.000 ton air<\/p>\n

Air limbah pencucian batu bara: 30-100 kg\/1.000 ton air<\/p>\n

Angka-angka ini memberikan rasio kasar dan dosis bahan kimia yang berbeda per ton air yang diolah. Penggunaan aktual harus disesuaikan dengan kualitas air dan tujuan pengolahan tertentu, dan dosis optimal mungkin perlu ditentukan melalui eksperimen.<\/p>\n

3. Besi klorida<\/b><\/p>\n

Lingkup aplikasi: cocok untuk limbah yang mengandung ion logam berat.<\/p>\n

Rasio dosis: umumnya 10-50 mg\/L.<\/p>\n

Indeks teknis: kandungan bahan aktif Fe2O3 dalam besi klorida harus di atas 30%.<\/p>\n

Kiat pengoperasian: Ferric chloride harus dilarutkan sepenuhnya sebelum digunakan, dengan waktu pelarutan sekitar 30 menit dan konsentrasi pelarutan umum 5-10%.<\/p>\n

Contoh: Sebuah pabrik pengolahan air limbah industri dengan kapasitas pengolahan 200 m\u00b3\/jam perlu menghilangkan ion logam berat dan perlu menambahkan besi klorida. Berdasarkan pengalaman, dosisnya adalah 20 mg\/L, yang berarti 4 kg besi klorida perlu ditambahkan per jam.<\/p>\n

Rasio dosis flokulan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flokulan terutama digunakan untuk meningkatkan efek koagulasi. Flokulan yang umum digunakan termasuk poliakrilamida (PAM), dll.<\/p>\n

1. Poliakrilamida (PAM)<\/b><\/p>\n

Lingkup aplikasi: cocok untuk pengolahan flokulasi berbagai limbah.<\/p>\n

Rasio dosis: umumnya 0,1-0,5 mg\/L.<\/p>\n

Indeks teknis: berat molekul PAM harus di atas 10 juta.<\/p>\n

Teknik pengoperasian: PAM harus dilarutkan sepenuhnya sebelum digunakan, dan waktu pelarutan sekitar 60 menit. Konsentrasi pembubaran umum adalah 0,1-0,5%.<\/p>\n

Contoh: Sebuah instalasi pengolahan limbah dengan kapasitas pengolahan 1000 m\u00b3\/jam perlu menambahkan PAM. Menurut pengalaman, dosisnya adalah 0,3 mg\/L, jadi 0,3 kg PAM perlu ditambahkan per jam.<\/p>\n

Rasio dosis bahan kimia sumber karbon<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bahan kimia sumber karbon terutama digunakan dalam proses penghilangan nitrogen secara biologis. Bahan kimia sumber karbon yang umum digunakan meliputi metanol, etanol, asam asetat, dll.<\/p>\n

1. Metanol<\/b><\/p>\n

Cakupan aplikasi: cocok untuk proses denitrifikasi dan penghilangan nitrogen.<\/p>\n

Rasio dosis: umumnya 3 mg\/L (untuk setiap 1 mg\/L nitrat yang dihilangkan).<\/p>\n

Indeks teknis: kemurnian metanol harus di atas 99%.<\/p>\n

Kiat pengoperasian: Metanol harus langsung ditambahkan ke bagian anoksik dan dicampur secara menyeluruh dengan influen dan cairan campuran oleh mixer.<\/p>\n

Contoh: Sebuah instalasi pengolahan limbah dengan kapasitas pengolahan 1000 m\u00b3\/jam perlu menghilangkan 20 mg\/L nitrogen nitrat dan perlu menambahkan metanol. Berdasarkan pengalaman, dosisnya adalah 60 mg\/L, yang membutuhkan penambahan 60 kg metanol per jam.<\/p>\n

Kiat pengoperasian praktis<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Melarutkan dan menyimpan bahan kimia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bahan kimia harus dilarutkan sepenuhnya sebelum digunakan, dan waktu pelarutan serta konsentrasinya harus ditentukan sesuai dengan karakteristik spesifik bahan kimia tersebut. Bahan kimia harus disimpan di tempat yang kering, sejuk, berventilasi baik, jauh dari sinar matahari langsung dan suhu tinggi.<\/p>\n

2. Pemilihan titik dosis<\/b><\/p>\n

Titik pemberian dosis untuk bahan kimia harus dipilih di tempat dengan aliran air bergejolak yang kuat sebanyak mungkin untuk memastikan bahwa bahan kimia dapat menyebar dengan cepat dan merata. Untuk proses pengolahan multi-tahap, bahan kimia harus diberikan secara bertahap untuk meningkatkan efek pengolahan.<\/p>\n

3. Peralatan pemberian dosis<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pompa pengukur harus dipilih untuk peralatan penakaran untuk memastikan keakuratan dosis. Peralatan penakaran harus dirawat secara teratur untuk memastikan pengoperasian yang normal.<\/p>\n

4. Pemantauan dan kontrol online<\/b><\/p>\n

Sistem pemantauan online harus dipasang untuk memantau kualitas air masuk dan air buangan secara real time dan menyesuaikan dosis bahan kimia secara tepat waktu. Sistem kontrol otomatis harus dipasang untuk secara otomatis menyesuaikan dosis bahan kimia sesuai dengan perubahan kualitas air untuk memastikan bahwa kualitas air buangan memenuhi standar secara stabil.<\/p>\n

Dengan memilih dan memberi dosis bahan kimia secara wajar, pabrik pengolahan limbah dapat secara efektif menghilangkan polutan dalam limbah dan memastikan bahwa kualitas limbah memenuhi standar. Pada saat yang sama, dengan mengoptimalkan proses dan peralatan pemberian dosis, efisiensi pengolahan dapat ditingkatkan dan biaya pengoperasian dapat dikurangi.<\/p>\n

Rasio dosis berbagai bahan kimia perlu ditentukan berdasarkan kualitas air tertentu dan hasil percobaan untuk mencapai hasil pengolahan terbaik.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

How technical buyers and operators usually evaluate wastewater-treatment issues<\/h2>\n

Most wastewater-treatment problems are system problems. Teams usually get a better result when they define the process stage and water-quality target first, then review biological, chemical, and operational factors together before making a plant-scale correction.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Start from the process stage:<\/strong> pretreatment, biological treatment, sludge handling, and polishing steps can point to very different root causes.<\/li>\n
  • Check the core water-quality data together:<\/strong> pH, COD, nitrogen, salinity, sludge condition, and dissolved oxygen often need to be read as one picture.<\/li>\n
  • Review compliance and operability at the same time:<\/strong> the quickest local fix can still be the wrong commercial move if it destabilizes another part of the plant.<\/li>\n
  • Use pilot or staged validation where possible:<\/strong> wastewater systems often respond differently at scale than they do in simplified bench assumptions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    FAQ for buyers and formulators<\/h3>\n

    Why do many wastewater problems resist one-step fixes?<\/strong>
    Because the visible symptom is often created by several interacting process variables rather than one isolated cause.<\/p>\n

    Should operational changes be evaluated only by one output indicator?<\/strong>
    Usually no. A stable treatment decision should consider process balance, compliance, sludge behavior, and the effect on downstream steps as well.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    A sewage treatment plant needs to add various chemicals during the treatment process to ensure that the effluent quality meets the standards. Commonly used chemicals include coagulants, flocculants, carbon sources,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[168],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-water-treatment"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat are the ratios of commonly used chemicals and operating techniques in sewage treatment plants? - Longchang Chemical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A sewage treatment plant needs to add various chemicals during the treatment process to ensure that the effluent quality meets the standards. 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