<\/p>\n
A PVC ma az egyik legsz\u00e9lesebb k\u00f6rben haszn\u00e1lt polimer a piacon, \u00e9s fontos szerepet j\u00e1tszik az \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151anyagok \u00e9s az elektronikai csomagol\u00e1sok ter\u00fclet\u00e9n. Azonban a PVC a k\u00fcls\u0151 t\u00e9nyez\u0151k (mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a h\u0151, oxig\u00e9n, f\u00e9ny \u00e9s er\u0151, stb.) hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra a leboml\u00e1s \u00e9s a t\u00e9rh\u00e1l\u00f3s\u00edt\u00f3 reakci\u00f3, ami PVC term\u00e9kek elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9se, gyeng\u00fcl\u00e9se mechanikai tulajdons\u00e1gok.PVC f\u0171t\u00f6tt 110 \u2103 felszabadul HCl g\u00e1z, \u00edgy a PVC kezdett bomlani. Jelenleg a PVC h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok f\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00f6tf\u00e9le: \u00f3lom-s\u00f3 h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok, f\u00e9mszappan h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok, szerves \u00f3n h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok, szerves h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok \u00e9s ritkaf\u00f6ldf\u00e9m h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok. Mivel az \u00f3lom-s\u00f3k h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok neh\u00e9zf\u00e9mek, s\u00falyos k\u00f6rnyezetszennyez\u00e9s, most ritk\u00e1n haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. F\u00e9mszappan t\u00edpus\u00fa h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok kezdetben gyenge sz\u00edntelen\u00edt\u0151 k\u00e9pess\u00e9g, PVC leboml\u00e1sa instabil kl\u00f3ratom helyettes\u00edt\u00e9si k\u00e9pess\u00e9g gyenge, hogy megfeleljen a piaci keresletnek. A szerves \u00f3n h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok jelent\u0151s stabiliz\u00e1l\u00f3 hat\u00e1ssal rendelkeznek, de n\u00e9melyik\u00fck m\u00e9rgez\u0151 \u00e9s magas k\u00f6lts\u00e9g\u0171, ami korl\u00e1tozza a fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9t. A szerves h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok nem m\u00e9rgez\u0151ek \u00e9s k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1tok, de a PVC h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok stabilit\u00e1sa \u00f6nmag\u00e1ban gyenge. A ritkaf\u00f6ldf\u00e9m h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torokat jobban tanulm\u00e1nyozt\u00e1k, amelyek el\u0151nye az alacsony toxicit\u00e1s, a k\u00f6rnyezetv\u00e9delem \u00e9s a j\u00f3 h\u0151stabilit\u00e1s.
\nA tudom\u00e1ny \u00e9s technol\u00f3gia fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9vel \u00e9s innov\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1val a k\u00f6rnyezetv\u00e9delem a h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok fontos krit\u00e9rium\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt, \u00edgy a nitrog\u00e9ntartalm\u00fa heterociklikus karbonsav h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok sz\u00e9les k\u00f6r\u0171 figyelmet kaptak. Ennek oka, hogy a h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tor \u00f6sszet\u00e9tele nem tartalmaz neh\u00e9zf\u00e9meket, ami megoldja a szennyez\u00e9s probl\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1t, \u00e9s ez egy kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 ligandum is, amely j\u00f3 h\u0151stabilit\u00e1ssal rendelkezik. A nitrog\u00e9ntartalm\u00fa heterociklikus karbonsav h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok \u00e9s a ritkaf\u00f6ldf\u00e9m-s\u00f3oldat kombin\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00faj t\u00edpus\u00fa nitrog\u00e9ntartalm\u00fa heterociklikus karbonsav ritkaf\u00f6ldf\u00e9m h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tor szintetiz\u00e1lhat\u00f3. El\u0151nyei az alacsony toxicit\u00e1s, a k\u00f6rnyezetv\u00e9delem, a j\u00f3 f\u00e9ny\u00e1tereszt\u00e9s, a j\u00f3 h\u0151stabilit\u00e1s, az alacsony k\u00f6lts\u00e9g, a nagy hozam \u00e9s a nagy fejleszt\u00e9si potenci\u00e1l. Liu Zhaogang et al. imidazol \u2043 4,5 \u2043 dikarbonsavat, n\u00e1trium-hidroxidot, lant\u00e1n-kloridot haszn\u00e1lt nyersanyagk\u00e9nt egy nitrog\u00e9ntartalm\u00fa heterociklikus karbonsav ritkaf\u00f6ldf\u00e9m h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tor el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, majd a statikus h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s k\u00eds\u00e9rleteket \u00e9s dinamikus h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s k\u00eds\u00e9rleteket haszn\u00e1lt tov\u00e1bbi tanulm\u00e1nyok elv\u00e9gz\u00e9s\u00e9re, \u00e9s meg\u00e1llap\u00edtotta, hogy az el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s folyamata viszonylag neh\u00e9zkes \u00e9s a reakci\u00f3id\u0151 viszonylag hossz\u00fa, de a komplex h\u0151stabilit\u00e1s\u00e1nak term\u00e9ke m\u00e9g mindig j\u00f3. Zhang Ning \u00e9s t\u00e1rsai 8 f\u00e9le lant\u00e1n-aminosav h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tort szintetiz\u00e1ltak aminosavakkal, n\u00e1trium-hidroxiddal \u00e9s lant\u00e1n-nitr\u00e1ttal mint nyersanyagokkal, \u00e9s tov\u00e1bb tanulm\u00e1nyozt\u00e1k statikus h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s k\u00eds\u00e9rletekkel \u00e9s dinamikus h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s k\u00eds\u00e9rletekkel, \u00e9s \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edtott\u00e1k a 8 f\u00e9le lant\u00e1n-aminosav h\u0151stabilit\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s meg\u00e1llap\u00edtott\u00e1k, hogy a 8 f\u00e9le lant\u00e1n-aminosav benzolgy\u0171r\u0171t \u00e9s k\u00e9nt tartalmazott, ami m\u00e9rgez\u0151 \u00e9s nem k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1t, \u00e9s a 8 f\u00e9le aminosav-alapanyag k\u00f6z\u00fcl a triptof\u00e1n benzolgy\u0171r\u0171t tartalmazott, de a lant\u00e1n-triptof\u00e1n h\u0151stabilit\u00e1sa jobb volt, mint a 8 f\u00e9le aminosav\u00e9, \u00e9s a lant\u00e1n-triptof\u00e1n h\u0151stabilit\u00e1sa jobb volt, mint a 8 f\u00e9le aminosav\u00e9. A lant\u00e1n-triptof\u00e1n h\u0151stabilit\u00e1sa azonban a legjobb a 8 f\u00e9le lant\u00e1n-aminosav k\u00f6z\u00fcl, \u00e9s a vegy\u00fclet h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tor\u00e1nak aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1si energi\u00e1ja jobb, mint a lant\u00e1n-triptof\u00e1n-monomer\u00e9 \u00e9s a kereskedelemben kaphat\u00f3 kalcium- \u00e9s cink-h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok\u00e9, ami fokozhatja a PVC h\u0151stabilit\u00e1s\u00e1t.
\nEbben a dolgozatban 2,3\u2043PDA-t szintetiz\u00e1ltunk, mint a lant\u00e1n elem ligandum\u00e1t pH=6 ~ 7-n\u00e9l. A 2,3\u2043LPDA-t a PVC f\u0151 h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torak\u00e9nt haszn\u00e1ltuk a h\u0151stabilit\u00e1s vizsg\u00e1lat\u00e1hoz, majd seg\u00e9dh\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torokkal, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul kalcium-sztear\u00e1t, cink-sztear\u00e1t, pentaeritritol stb., kevert\u00fck, \u00e9s a kevert rendszer h\u0151stabilit\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3an elemezt\u00e9k a 2,3\u2043LPDA h\u0151stabilit\u00e1s\u00e1val, valamint a h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1l\u00f3 r\u00e9sz h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1val Az egyes h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok hat\u00e1sait a PVC l\u00e1gyul\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s mechanikai tulajdons\u00e1gaira jellemezt\u00e9k; v\u00e9g\u00fcl a 2,3\u2043LPDA h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s mechanizmus\u00e1t vizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k.<\/p>\n
1<\/p>\n
Minta el\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9se<\/p>\n
2,3\u2043LPDA el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa: a megfelel\u0151 mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 lant\u00e1n-oxidot egy f\u0151z\u0151poh\u00e1rba m\u00e9rj\u00fck, ionmentes\u00edtett vizet adunk hozz\u00e1, \u00e9s j\u00f3l megkeverj\u00fck; a f\u0151z\u0151poharat 60 \u2103-os v\u00edzf\u00fcrd\u0151be helyezz\u00fck, a lant\u00e1n-oxid vizes oldat\u00e1t kever\u0151vel keverj\u00fck, majd a cseppent\u0151 seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel lassan adjunk sal\u00e9tromsavoldatot a lant\u00e1n-oxid oldat\u00e1hoz, hogy a lant\u00e1n-oxid teljesen felold\u00f3djon; az oldat pH-\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t pH-pap\u00edrral 3 ~ 4-re hat\u00e1roztuk meg a sz\u0171r\u00e9shez, a lant\u00e1n-nitr\u00e1t oldat\u00e1hoz kapott sz\u0171rletet, \u00e9s a tartal\u00e9k reagens palackba \u00f6nt\u00f6tt\u00fck, \u00e9s a mol\u00e1ris \u00e9rt\u00e9ke 0 volt.015 mg\/L. Az oldatot lesz\u0171rt\u00fck, majd egy reagens palackba \u00f6nt\u00f6tt\u00fck. Reagens\u00fcveg tartal\u00e9k, mol\u00e1ris koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t EDTA-titr\u00e1l\u00e1ssal hat\u00e1roztuk meg; a mol\u00e1ris ar\u00e1ny m\u00e9r\u00e9se 3:2 2,3 \u2043 PDA \u00e9s lant\u00e1n-nitr\u00e1t, az els\u0151 v\u00edzmentes etanol lesz 2,3 \u2043 PDA por feloldva, majd h\u00edg\u00edtott amm\u00f3nia, hogy be\u00e1ll\u00edtsa a pH-t 6 ~ 7-re, \u00e1lland\u00f3 kever\u00e9s k\u00f6zben a lant\u00e1n-nitr\u00e1t oldatot lassan hozz\u00e1adjuk a 2,3 \u2043 PDA v\u00edzmentes etanolos oldat\u00e1hoz, majd h\u00edg\u00edtott amm\u00f3ni\u00e1t adunk a rendszer pH-j\u00e1nak 6 ~ 7-re t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, ami feh\u00e9r csapad\u00e9kot eredm\u00e9nyez, elektromos kever\u0151vel. Feh\u00e9r csapad\u00e9k, elektromos kever\u0151vel 3 \u00f3r\u00e1n \u00e1t kevertetve, hogy a rendszer teljesen reakt\u00edv legyen, majd hagyta, hogy a csapad\u00e9k kicsap\u00f3djon, majd az \u00f6sszes kicsap\u00f3dott, majd sz\u0171rte, majd a csapad\u00e9kot t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r v\u00edzmentes etanollal mosta; a kompozitot 50 \u2103-on \u00e1lland\u00f3 t\u00f6megre sz\u00e1r\u00edtott\u00e1k, \u00e9s a kapott term\u00e9k 2,3 \u2043 LPDA ritkaf\u00f6ldf\u00e9m h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok, majd a term\u00e9ket porr\u00e1 \u0151r\u00f6lt\u00e9k, majd tartal\u00e9k felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sra zs\u00e1kba csomagolt\u00e1k;
\n\u00d6sszetett h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tor el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa: 2,3 \u2043 LPDA cink-sztear\u00e1ttal \u00e9s pentaeritritollal a bin\u00e1ris \u00e9s terner vegy\u00edt\u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00f6megar\u00e1nyai szerint, m\u00e9rlegel\u00e9s, \u0151rl\u00e9s \u00e9s kever\u00e9s a por, zs\u00e1kol\u00e1s tartal\u00e9k.<\/p>\n
2
\nEredm\u00e9nyek \u00e9s vita<\/p>\n
2.1 A 2,3\u2043LPDA jellemz\u00e9se
\n2.1.1 Infrav\u00f6r\u00f6s spektr\u00e1lis elemz\u00e9s
\nAz 1. \u00e1bra a 2,3\u2043PDA \u00e9s a 2,3\u2043LPDA FTIR-spektrum\u00e1t mutatja. L\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a 2,3\u2043PDA \u00e9s a 2,3\u2043LPDA C=N k\u00f6t\u00e9s\u00e9nek teleszk\u00f3pos rezg\u00e9scs\u00facsai 1,540 cm-1 -n\u00e9l, illetve 1,557 cm-1 -n\u00e9l; a 2,3\u2043LPDA NO3-j\u00e1nak teleszk\u00f3pos rezg\u00e9scs\u00facsai 1,384 cm-1 -n\u00e9l; a C=O-k\u00f6t\u00e9s teleszk\u00f3pos rezg\u00e9si cs\u00facsai a 2,3\u2043PDA-n 1,752 cm-1 -n\u00e9l; a C=O-k\u00f6t\u00e9s teleszk\u00f3pos rezg\u00e9si cs\u00facsai a 2,3\u2043PDA-n 1,595 cm-1 -n\u00e9l, illetve 1,429 cm-1 -n\u00e9l; a 2,3\u2043PDA teleszk\u00f3pos rezg\u00e9si cs\u00facsai a 2,3\u2043PDA-n 1,595 cm-1 -n\u00e9l, illetve 1,429 cm-1 -n\u00e9l. 1,595 cm-1 \u00e9s 1,429 cm-1 -n\u00e9l a C=O k\u00f6t\u00e9s antiszimmetrikus, illetve szimmetrikus teleszk\u00f3pos rezg\u00e9scs\u00facsai a 2,3\u2043LPDA-n; 3,266 cm-1 -n\u00e9l az O-H k\u00f6t\u00e9s teleszk\u00f3pos rezg\u00e9scs\u00facsa a 2,3\u2043PDA-n; \u00e9s 934 cm-1 -n\u00e9l a -COOH jellegzetesen sz\u00e9les cs\u00facsa a 2,3\u2043PDA-n, ami alapj\u00e1n meg\u00e1llap\u00edthat\u00f3, hogy karboxil\u00e1tcsoportok vannak jelen; A 2,3\u2043LPDA-n az O-La k\u00f6t\u00e9s ny\u00fajt\u00e1si rezg\u00e9scs\u00facsa 652 cm-1 -n\u00e9l, ami azt jelzi, hogy a 2,3\u2043PDA reakci\u00f3ja a lant\u00e1n-nitr\u00e1ttal mint ligandummal a 2,3\u2043PDA-n a karboxil\u00e1tcsoportban l\u00e9v\u0151 O-H k\u00f6t\u00e9s l\u00e1nct\u00f6r\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s de-H-t okozta, \u00e9s O-La k\u00f6t\u00e9st alak\u00edtott ki a La-ionnal. \u00d6sszefoglalva meg\u00e1llap\u00edthat\u00f3, hogy a reakci\u00f3 sor\u00e1n 2,3\u2043LPDA keletkezett.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-2.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u00e1bra A minta FTIR spektruma<\/p>\n
2.1.2 Elemi \u00e9s termikus elemz\u00e9s
\nA 2,3\u2043LPDA C-, H- \u00e9s N-tartalm\u00e1t elemanal\u00edzissel, a lant\u00e1n-tartalmat pedig EDTA-titr\u00e1l\u00e1ssal hat\u00e1rozt\u00e1k meg. Az 1. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zaton kereszt\u00fcl l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a H elemtartalom relat\u00edv hib\u00e1ja (t\u00f6megfrakci\u00f3, ugyanaz al\u00e1bb) nagy, mivel kis mennyis\u00e9gben van jelen, \u00e9s a t\u00f6bbi elem t\u00e9nyleges tartalma alapvet\u0151en megegyezik az elm\u00e9leti tartalommal. Ezut\u00e1n a 2. \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3 termikus anal\u00edzis eredm\u00e9nyei alapj\u00e1n kisz\u00e1m\u00edtottuk a krist\u00e1lyosod\u00e1si v\u00edz sz\u00e1m\u00e1t, ami a 2,3\u2043LPDA molekul\u00e1ris k\u00e9plet\u00e9t La2(C6N2O4)2(NO3)2-3H2O-nak adta meg. A 2. \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3 TG-g\u00f6rb\u00e9kb\u0151l l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a 2,3\u2043LPDA termikus s\u00falyveszt\u00e9se h\u00e1rom f\u00e1zisra oszlott, amelyek az 50 \u00e9s 184, 184 \u00e9s 292, illetve 292 \u00e9s 1000 \u2103 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti f\u00e1zisok voltak. Az els\u0151 szakasz t\u00f6megvesztes\u00e9g\u00e9nek m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke 5,09 % volt, \u00e9s a t\u00f6megvesztes\u00e9g m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9b\u0151l arra k\u00f6vetkeztett\u00fcnk, hogy h\u00e1rom krist\u00e1lyos v\u00edz volt, ami hasonl\u00f3 volt a 6.88 % krist\u00e1lyv\u00edz-tartalomnak a La2(C6N2O4)2(NO3)2-3H2O molekul\u00e1ris k\u00e9pletben, amint azt az 1. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatb\u00f3l levezett\u00fck; az els\u0151 szakasz DSC-g\u00f6rb\u00e9je 87,1~140,6 \u2103-n\u00e1l h\u0151elnyel\u00e9si cs\u00facsot mutatott, ami a krist\u00e1lyv\u00edz elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t jelentette a 2,3 \u2043LPDA-b\u00f3l. A m\u00e1sodik \u00e9s harmadik szakasz TG-g\u00f6rb\u00e9ib\u0151l l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a 2,3 \u2043LPDA sziklaszil\u00e1rd t\u00f6megvesztes\u00e9get mutatott, a m\u00e1sodik \u00e9s harmadik szakaszban \u00f6sszesen 58,31% t\u00f6megvesztes\u00e9ggel; a DSC-g\u00f6rb\u00e9kkel ellent\u00e9tben a m\u00e1sodik szakaszban 184~292,4 \u2103-os inspir\u00e1ci\u00f3s cs\u00facs volt, amely a term\u00e9k boml\u00e1s\u00e1t reprezent\u00e1lta. A harmadik szakaszban k\u00e9t exoterm cs\u00facs jelent meg, amelyek a term\u00e9kek tov\u00e1bbi boml\u00e1s\u00e1t jelentett\u00e9k. 797 \u2103 ut\u00e1n nem volt tov\u00e1bbi t\u00f6megvesztes\u00e9g, \u00e9s a TG g\u00f6rbe ink\u00e1bb ellaposodik, \u00e9s a v\u00e9gs\u0151 marad\u00e9k La2O3, amely a t\u00f6megfrakci\u00f3 36,59%-j\u00e9t teszi ki, \u00e9s a La-tartalom 31,11%, ami hasonl\u00f3 az 1. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatban szerepl\u0151 31,53% elm\u00e9leti La-tartalomhoz. \u00d6sszefoglalva, az 1. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat \u00e9s a 2. \u00e1bra adatainak \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val a ritkaf\u00f6ldf\u00e9m h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tor molekul\u00e1ris k\u00e9plet\u00e9t La2(C6N2O4)2(NO3)2-3H2O-nak hat\u00e1roztuk meg.<\/p>\n
t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat A 2,3\u2043LPDA elemanal\u00edzis\u00e9nek eredm\u00e9nyei<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2-2.png\")
<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/3-2.png\")
<\/p>\n
2. \u00e1bra 2,3\u2043LPDA h\u0151elemz\u00e9si g\u00f6rb\u00e9je<\/p>\n
2.2 H\u0151stabilit\u00e1si elemz\u00e9s
\n2.2.1 Egyetlen h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tor
\nAnnak \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, hogy a 2,3\u2043LPDA termikus stabilit\u00e1s\u00e1t m\u00e9lyebben tanulm\u00e1nyozhassuk, termikus stabilit\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edtottuk a szok\u00e1sos termikus stabiliz\u00e1torokkal, \u00e9s az eredm\u00e9nyeket a 2. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat mutatja. A 2. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat szerint l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a 2,3\u2043LPDA h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s ideje 30 perc, ami 6-szor hosszabb, mint a 2,3\u2043PDA-\u00e9, csak r\u00f6videbb, mint az \u00f3lom-sztear\u00e1t\u00e9, \u00e9s hosszabb, mint a t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatban szerepl\u0151 t\u00f6bbi h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tor\u00e9. Az elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9s elleni teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt tekintve a 2,3\u2043LPDA jobb kezdeti elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9s elleni teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt mutat, mint a 2,3\u2043PDA, ami azt jelzi, hogy a 2,3\u2043LPDA er\u0151sebb k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9si k\u00e9pess\u00e9ggel rendelkezik az instabil Cl-hez, \u00e9s jav\u00edtja a PVC kezdeti elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9s elleni teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9t. A hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt tekintve a 2,3\u2043LPDA elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9ge egy kicsit gyeng\u00e9bb, mint a kalcium-sztear\u00e1t\u00e9 \u00e9s a pentaeritritol\u00e9. A kalcium-sztear\u00e1t \u00e9s a pentaeritritol kiv\u00e9tel\u00e9vel a 2,3\u2043LPDA-nak van n\u00e9mi el\u0151nye a t\u00f6bbi h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torral szemben az elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9s elleni teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny tekintet\u00e9ben, \u00e9s pozit\u00edv hat\u00e1ssal van a PVC termikus degrad\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak megakad\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n
2. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat K\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok h\u0151stabilit\u00e1sa<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/4-2.png\")
\n2.2.2 2,3\u2043LPDA cink-sztear\u00e1ttal keverve
\nA 2,3\u2043LPDA kezdeti elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9ssel szembeni ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1sa kiss\u00e9 rosszabb, mint a cink-sztear\u00e1t\u00e9, de h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s ideje \u00e9s hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9ssel szembeni ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1sa sokkal jobb, mint a cink-sztear\u00e1t\u00e9. A k\u00e9t komplex h\u0151stabilit\u00e1si vizsg\u00e1lati eredm\u00e9nyei a 3. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatban l\u00e1that\u00f3k. A 3. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatb\u00f3l l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a leghosszabb h\u0151stabilit\u00e1si id\u0151 34 perc volt, amikor a 2,3\u2043LPDA \u00e9s a cink-sztear\u00e1t kever\u00e9si ar\u00e1nya 4:1 volt, \u00e9s hosszabb volt, mint amikor a 2,3\u2043LPDA-t csak h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tork\u00e9nt haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k, \u00e9s min\u00e9l nagyobb volt a 2,3\u2043LPDA ar\u00e1nya a kever\u00e9si ar\u00e1nyban, ann\u00e1l hosszabb volt a h\u0151stabilit\u00e1si id\u0151. Ennek az az oka, hogy a Re3+ \u00e9s a Cl- er\u0151s koordin\u00e1ci\u00f3s hat\u00e1ssal rendelkezik, \u00e9s k\u00f6nnyebben koordin\u00e1l\u00f3dik a h\u0151 hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra boml\u00f3 Cl-hez. Az elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt tekintve az \u00f6sszetett h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok kezdeti elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye jelent\u0151sen javult. Ez az\u00e9rt van, mert a 2,3 \u2043 LPDA kezdeti g\u00e1tl\u00e1sa a cink-sztear\u00e1t \"cink \u00e9g\u0151\" jelens\u00e9g el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3, \u00e9s er\u0151s szinergikus hat\u00e1s van, a PVC kezdeti elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9nek \u00f6sszet\u00e9tele jelent\u0151sen javult. Azonban a hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyb\u0151l a 2,3 \u2043 LPDA \u00f6nmag\u00e1ban jobb, mint az \u00f6sszetett elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny, \u00e9s a 2,3 \u2043 LPDA a kisebb ar\u00e1ny\u00fa kever\u00e9si ar\u00e1nyban, a \"cink\u00e9get\u00e9s\" jelens\u00e9ge nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3bb lesz, ann\u00e1l rosszabb a hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00e1s, ann\u00e1l r\u00f6videbb a h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s id\u0151, ami azt jelzi, hogy min\u00e9l nagyobb a cink-sztear\u00e1t ar\u00e1nya a kever\u00e9si ar\u00e1nyban, ann\u00e1l nagyobb a 2,3 \u2043 LPDA \u00e9s a cink-sztear\u00e1t ar\u00e1nya, \u00e9s min\u00e9l nagyobb a 2,3 \u2043 LPDA \u00e9s a cink-sztear\u00e1t ar\u00e1nya, ann\u00e1l nagyobb a 2,3 \u2043 LPDA \u00e9s a cink-sztear\u00e1t ar\u00e1nya. Min\u00e9l r\u00f6videbb a h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s id\u0151, ami azt jelzi, hogy min\u00e9l nagyobb a cink-sztear\u00e1t ar\u00e1nya a kever\u00e9si ar\u00e1nyban, ann\u00e1l rosszabb az LPDA \u00e9s a cink-sztear\u00e1t k\u00f6z\u00f6tti szinergista hat\u00e1s.<\/p>\n
t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat A cink-sztear\u00e1ttal kevert rendszerek h\u0151stabilit\u00e1sa<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/5-2.png\")
\n2.2.3 2,3\u2043LPDA \u00e9s pentaeritritol \u00f6sszekever\u00e9se
\nA pentaeritritol egy kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 h\u0151stabilit\u00e1ssal rendelkez\u0151 kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151 h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tor, \u00e9s r\u00f6vid \u00e9s hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye j\u00f3. A 2,3\u2043LPDA \u00e9s a pentaeritritol komplex\u00e1lt h\u0151stabilit\u00e1sa a 4. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatban l\u00e1that\u00f3. A t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatb\u00f3l l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a k\u00e9t komplex\u00e1lt h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tor h\u0151stabilit\u00e1si ideje 31-34 perc k\u00f6z\u00f6tt van, m\u00edg a 2,3 \u2043LPDA h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tork\u00e9nt \u00f6nmag\u00e1ban 30 perc volt, ami azt jelzi, hogy a 2,3 \u2043LPDA \u00e9s a cink-sztear\u00e1ttal komplex\u00e1lt pentaeritritol h\u0151stabilit\u00e1si ideje 30 perc, ami arra utal, hogy a 2,3\u2043LPDA \u00e9s a cink-sztear\u00e1t k\u00f6z\u00f6tti szinergikus hat\u00e1s egyre fontosabb. A 3\u2043LPDA \u00e9s a pentaeritritol vegy\u00edt\u00e9s h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1l\u00f3 hat\u00e1sa nem nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3, a h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s id\u0151 csak 1-3 perccel hosszabbodik meg, de ennek is van bizonyos szinergikus hat\u00e1sa. Az elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9s elleni teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt tekintve a pentaeritritol hat\u00e1sa nagyon nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3, \u00e9s a k\u00e9t kompozit kezdeti elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9s elleni teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye jobb, mint a 2,3\u2043LPDA mint h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tor\u00e9 \u00f6nmag\u00e1ban. A hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt tekintve, min\u00e9l nagyobb a pentaeritritol ar\u00e1nya a vegyes h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torban, ann\u00e1l jobb a hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9g, ami azt jelzi, hogy a pentaeritritol \u00e9s a 2,3\u2043LPDA kever\u00e9ke j\u00f3 elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt ny\u00fajt, \u00e9s a pentaeritritol tov\u00e1bb n\u00f6veli a 2,3\u2043LPDA hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9t. \u00d6sszess\u00e9g\u00e9ben a pentaeritritol h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1l\u00f3 hat\u00e1sa nem nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3, de az elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 tulajdons\u00e1ga nagyon szembet\u0171n\u0151. Ez annak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151, hogy az alkohol meleg\u00edt\u00e9skor k\u00e9pes megv\u00e1ltoztatni a PVC sz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t, \u00e9s a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet emelked\u00e9s\u00e9vel az alkohol \u00e9szteresed\u00e9sen megy kereszt\u00fcl, ami megnehez\u00edti az alkohol kicsap\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1t a PVC-b\u0151l. Ugyanakkor a pentaeritritol \u00e9s a lant\u00e1n komplexk\u00e9nt k\u00e9pes p\u00f3tolni a PVC leboml\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n a molekulal\u00e1ncban megszakadt l\u00e1ncokat, \u00edgy fokozva a PVC hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa sz\u00ednv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1st g\u00e1tl\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p>\n
t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat A pentaeritritol komplex rendszer h\u0151stabilit\u00e1sa<\/p>\n
2.2.4 2,3\u2043LPDA, cink-sztear\u00e1t \u00e9s pentaeritritol \u00f6sszet\u00e9tele
\nA cink-sztear\u00e1t \u00e1ltal okozott \"cink\u00e9get\u00e9s\" jelens\u00e9g\u00e9t a pentaeritritol k\u00e9sleltetheti. Annak \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, hogy a h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok kiv\u00e1l\u00f3bb sz\u00ednv\u00e1lt\u00e1sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9ggel \u00e9s h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s id\u0151vel rendelkezzenek, 2,3\u2043LPDA-t, cink-sztear\u00e1tot \u00e9s pentaeritritolt kevertek, \u00e9s h\u0151stabilit\u00e1suk az 5. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatban l\u00e1that\u00f3. Amint az 5. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatban l\u00e1that\u00f3, amikor a 2,3\u2043LPDA:cink-sztear\u00e1t:pentaeritritol ar\u00e1ny 2:1:2 volt, a h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s id\u0151 44 perc volt, ami magasabb volt, mint a m\u00e1sik k\u00e9t kever\u00e9si ar\u00e1nyn\u00e1l, ami teljes m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben bizony\u00edtotta, hogy er\u0151s szinergikus hat\u00e1s \u00e1llt fenn, amikor a 2,3\u2043LPDA \u00e9s a pentaeritritol azonos ar\u00e1nyban szerepelt. Az elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l a pentaeritritol hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1s\u00e1nak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en a kevert rendszer elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00e1sa jelent\u0151sen javult, \u00e9s a pentaeritritol lelass\u00edtotta a cink-sztear\u00e1t \"cink-\u00e9g\u00e9s\" jelens\u00e9g\u00e9nek el\u0151fordul\u00e1s\u00e1t is, a rendszer hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00e1sa a h\u00e1rom kever\u00e9s ut\u00e1n jelent\u0151sen javult. A 2. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat, a 3. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat \u00e9s az 5. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a h\u00e1romkomponens\u0171 kever\u00e9si rendszer elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9s elleni teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye jelent\u0151sen jobb, mint a k\u00e9tkomponens\u0171 kever\u00e9s\u00e9. Ennek oka, hogy bizonyos m\u00e9rt\u00e9kig a poliolok kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151 h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torai megakad\u00e1lyozhatj\u00e1k a cink-sztear\u00e1t \"cink\u00e9get\u00e9s\" jelens\u00e9g\u00e9nek el\u0151fordul\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s a pentaeritritol \u00e9s a cink-sztear\u00e1t k\u00f6z\u00f6tti reakci\u00f3 sor\u00e1n keletkez\u0151 komplex hat\u00e9konyan gyeng\u00edtheti a ZnCl2 katalitikus hat\u00e1s\u00e1t a PVC leboml\u00e1s\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n
t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat A h\u00e1romkomponens\u0171 kever\u00e9krendszer h\u0151stabilit\u00e1sa<\/p>\n
2.3 A l\u00e1gy\u00edt\u00f3 tulajdons\u00e1gok elemz\u00e9se
\nEbben a tanulm\u00e1nyban k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torokkal v\u00e9geztek l\u00e1gy\u00edt\u00e1si k\u00eds\u00e9rleteket, hogy tanulm\u00e1nyozz\u00e1k a h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok hat\u00e1s\u00e1t a PVC dinamikus h\u0151stabilit\u00e1s\u00e1ra, \u00e9s az eredm\u00e9nyeket a 6. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat mutatja. Amint a t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatb\u00f3l l\u00e1that\u00f3, a 2,3\u2043LPDA-val kevert cink-sztear\u00e1tot tartalmaz\u00f3 h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tor minta l\u00e1gyul\u00e1si ideje volt a leghosszabb. Ez az\u00e9rt van, mert a cink-sztear\u00e1t \u00f6nmag\u00e1ban l\u00e1gy\u00edt\u00f3, l\u00e1gy\u00edt\u00f3 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny nagyon gyenge, a t\u00f6lt\u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00e9n azonnal megjelenik a \"cink \u00e9g\u0151\" jelens\u00e9g, a jelens\u00e9g el\u0151seg\u00edti a PVC leboml\u00e1s\u00e1t, nem tudja megval\u00f3s\u00edtani a l\u00e1gy\u00edt\u00e1st; \u00e9s a 2,3 \u2043 LPDA komplex, 2,3 \u2043 LPDA szerepet j\u00e1tszott a \"cink \u00e9g\u0151\" jelens\u00e9g lelass\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban, a \"cink \u00e9g\u0151\" jelens\u00e9g hat\u00e1sa, a \"cink \u00e9g\u0151\" jelens\u00e9g hat\u00e1sa. \"A l\u00e1gyul\u00e1si cs\u00facs ut\u00e1n a cink-sztear\u00e1t elkezdte el\u0151seg\u00edteni a PVC leboml\u00e1s\u00e1t, ami a PVC por felgyorsult boml\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezetett. B\u00e1r a terner h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1tort tartalmaz\u00f3 minta l\u00e1gyul\u00e1si ideje valamivel hosszabb, mint a 2,3 \u2043LPDA-t tartalmaz\u00f3 mint\u00e1\u00e9, a l\u00e1gyul\u00e1si nyomat\u00e9ka \u00e9s az egyens\u00falyi nyomat\u00e9ka alacsonyabb, ami arra utal, hogy a folyamat sor\u00e1n cs\u00f6kkentheti a PVC \u00e9s a feldolgoz\u00f3g\u00e9pek k\u00f6z\u00f6tti tapad\u00e1st, ez\u00e1ltal cs\u00f6kkentve az energiavesztes\u00e9get \u00e9s az energiafogyaszt\u00e1st.<\/p>\n
6. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat A k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 mint\u00e1k l\u00e1gy\u00edt\u00f3 tulajdons\u00e1gai<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2.4 A szak\u00edt\u00f3 tulajdons\u00e1gok elemz\u00e9se
\nA statikus h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s k\u00eds\u00e9rletek eredm\u00e9nyei szerint a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torok hat\u00e1s\u00e1nak tanulm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra a PVC szak\u00edt\u00f3 tulajdons\u00e1gaira gyakorolt hat\u00e1s\u00e1nak vizsg\u00e1lat\u00e1hoz a legjobb h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt ny\u00fajt\u00f3 ritkaf\u00f6ldf\u00e9m h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1torokat v\u00e1lasztott\u00e1k ki minden egyes k\u00eds\u00e9rleti csoportban a szak\u00edt\u00f3 tulajdons\u00e1gok vizsg\u00e1lat\u00e1hoz, \u00e9s az eredm\u00e9nyeket a 7. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat mutatja. Az eredm\u00e9nyeket a 7. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat mutatja be. A t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatb\u00f3l l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a PVC szak\u00edt\u00f3 tulajdons\u00e1gai jelent\u0151sen javultak, miut\u00e1n 2,3\u2043LPDA-t adtak a PVC-hez; a 2,3\u2043LPDA-t \u00e9s cink-sztear\u00e1tot tartalmaz\u00f3 h\u0151stabiliz\u00e1toros mint\u00e1k \u00e9s a 2,3\u2043LPDA-t tartalmaz\u00f3 mint\u00e1k szak\u00edt\u00f3 tulajdons\u00e1gai k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g nagy volt, ami annak tudhat\u00f3 be, hogy a cink-sztear\u00e1t egy r\u00e9sz\u00e9nek a PVC lapba kevered\u00e9sekor a \"cink \u00e9g\u00e9s\" jelens\u00e9ge jelentkezett, ami el\u0151seg\u00edtette a PVC degrad\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t. Ennek oka lehet, hogy n\u00e9h\u00e1ny cink-sztear\u00e1t \"cink\u00e9get\u00e9s\" jelens\u00e9ge a PVC-pelyhek kever\u00e9se sor\u00e1n, ami el\u0151seg\u00edti a PVC leboml\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s cs\u00f6kkenti a PVC-pelyhek szak\u00edt\u00f3szil\u00e1rds\u00e1g\u00e1t, ami a PVC-pelyhek rossz mechanikai tulajdons\u00e1gait eredm\u00e9nyezi. A 7. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat utols\u00f3 adatai azt mutatj\u00e1k, hogy a 2,3\u2043LPDA, a cink-sztear\u00e1t \u00e9s a pentaeritritol a legjobb hat\u00e1ssal van a PVC szak\u00edt\u00f3szil\u00e1rds\u00e1g\u00e1nak n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9re. Ez annak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151, hogy a ritkaf\u00f6ldf\u00e9m elemek sok \u00fcres p\u00e1ly\u00e1k, hogy elfogadja a mag\u00e1nyos elektron a ligandum, m\u00edg a ritkaf\u00f6ldf\u00e9m ionok egy nagy ionos sug\u00e1r, \u00edgy ez \u00e9s a szerves \u00e9s szervetlen anyagok a PVC k\u00e9pletben, hogy a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 ligandumok vagy kel\u00e1tok, n\u00f6velve a molekul\u00e1k k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1si er\u0151, a PVC j\u00e1tszott l\u00e1gy\u00edt\u00f3 hat\u00e1sa, \u00e9s jav\u00edtja a szak\u00edt\u00f3szil\u00e1rds\u00e1g a PVC anyagok.<\/p>\n
t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat A k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 mint\u00e1k mechanikai tulajdons\u00e1gai<\/p>\n
2.5 H\u0151stabiliz\u00e1l\u00f3 mechanizmus
\nA 2,3\u2043LPDA FTIR-spektrum\u00e1t a HCl-kezel\u00e9s el\u0151tt \u00e9s ut\u00e1n a 3. \u00e1bra mutatja. Az \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a 2,3\u2043LPDA FTIR-spektrum\u00e1ban a HCl-kezel\u00e9s ut\u00e1n a C=N k\u00f6t\u00e9s hull\u00e1msz\u00e1ma a kezeletlenhez k\u00e9pest alacsony hull\u00e1msz\u00e1mr\u00f3l magas hull\u00e1msz\u00e1mra tol\u00f3dott, \u00e9s a C=N k\u00f6t\u00e9s hull\u00e1msz\u00e1ma a kezel\u00e9s ut\u00e1n 1572 cm-1 volt. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl az NO3- teleszk\u00f3pos rezg\u00e9scs\u00facsa elt\u0171nt a g\u00f6rb\u00e9kr\u0151l a HCl-kezel\u00e9s ut\u00e1n, ami annak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151, hogy a H+ egyes\u00fcl az NO3-jal HNO3- k\u00e9pz\u0151dik. Azonban a H+ \u00e9s az NO3- HNO3 k\u00e9pz\u0151d\u00e9se miatt a 2,3\u2043LPDA HCl-lal t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 kezel\u00e9se sor\u00e1n nem lehet meghat\u00e1rozni a 2,3\u2043LPDA termikus stabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s mechanizmus\u00e1t. A 2,3\u2043LPDA HCl-kezel\u00e9s\u00e9n\u00e9l a HCl-oldat exoterm, m\u00edg a HNO3 magas h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten k\u00f6nnyen H2O-ra, NO2-re \u00e9s O2-re bomlik, ami nem befoly\u00e1solja a 2,3\u2043LPDA h\u0151stabilit\u00e1si tulajdons\u00e1gait. A kezeletlen 2,3\u2043LPDA FTIR spektrum\u00e1ban az O-La k\u00f6t\u00e9s ny\u00fajt\u00e1si rezg\u00e9scs\u00facsa 652 cm-1-n\u00e9l van. A kezel\u00e9s ut\u00e1n az FTIR spektrumokban az O-H k\u00f6t\u00e9s k\u00e9t tov\u00e1bbi jellegzetes cs\u00facsa jelent meg, az O-H k\u00f6t\u00e9s teleszk\u00f3pos rezg\u00e9scs\u00facsa 1445 cm-1-n\u00e9l \u00e9s az O-H k\u00f6t\u00e9s s\u00edkj\u00e1n k\u00edv\u00fcli teleszk\u00f3pos rezg\u00e9scs\u00facsa 1097 cm-1-n\u00e9l, \u00e9s a spektrumokban \u00fajra megjelent a - COOH k\u00f6t\u00e9s jellegzetes cs\u00facsa. A fentiekb\u0151l arra lehet k\u00f6vetkeztetni, hogy a kezel\u00e9s ut\u00e1n az O-La k\u00f6t\u00e9s megszakadt \u00e9s az O-H k\u00f6t\u00e9s rekombin\u00e1l\u00f3dott, \u00e9s az O-La k\u00f6t\u00e9s megszakad\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n a La-ionok a Cl-ionokkal egyes\u00fclve La-Cl k\u00f6t\u00e9st k\u00e9peztek, \u00e9s a kezelt 2,3 \u2043LPDA FTIR spektrum\u00e1b\u00f3l a 2,3 \u2043LPDA FTIR spektrum\u00e1ban egy tov\u00e1bbi cs\u00facsot tal\u00e1ltunk 1,261 cm-1-n\u00e9l. A 2,3\u2043LPDA kezel\u00e9s ut\u00e1ni FTIR-spektrum\u00e1b\u00f3l egy 1,261 cm-1 -es cs\u00facs l\u00e1that\u00f3, amely a La \u2043Cl k\u00f6t\u00e9s ny\u00fajt\u00e1si rezg\u00e9scs\u00facsa. L\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a 2,3\u2043LPDA HCl-lel reag\u00e1lva LaCl3-t k\u00e9pez, \u00edgy tudhat\u00f3, hogy a 2,3\u2043LPDA stabiliz\u00e1l\u00f3 mechanizmusa az, hogy a 2,3\u2043LPDA hat\u00e9konyan k\u00e9pes elnyelni a PVC termikus leboml\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n felszabadul\u00f3 HCl-g\u00e1zt \u00e9s LaCl3-t k\u00e9pezni, ami bizonyos m\u00e9rt\u00e9kig k\u00e9sleltetheti a PVC termikus leboml\u00e1s\u00e1nak katalitikus hat\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
A practical selection route for photoinitiator-related projects<\/h2>\n
When technical buyers or formulators screen photoinitiators, the most useful decision frame is usually cure quality plus application fit: which package cures reliably, keeps appearance acceptable, and still works under the lamp, film thickness, and substrate conditions of the actual process.<\/p>\n
- \n
- Match the package to the lamp first:<\/strong> mercury lamps, UV LEDs, and visible-light systems can rank the same photoinitiators very differently.<\/li>\n
- Check depth cure and surface cure separately:<\/strong> a film that feels dry on top can still be weak underneath.<\/li>\n
- Balance yellowing with reactivity:<\/strong> the strongest deep-cure route is not always the best commercial choice if color or migration risk becomes unacceptable.<\/li>\n
- Use the final formula as the benchmark:<\/strong> pigment load, monomer package, and film thickness can all change the apparent ranking of the same initiator.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Recommended product references<\/h3>\n
- \n
- CHLUMINIT TPO-L<\/a>:<\/strong> A strong low-yellowing reference for LED-oriented UV systems.<\/li>\n
- CHLUMINIT 819<\/a>:<\/strong> Useful when a formulation needs stronger absorption and deeper cure support.<\/li>\n
- CHLUMINIT 184<\/a>:<\/strong> A classic free-radical benchmark for fast surface cure in many UV systems.<\/li>\n
- CHLUMINIT 261<\/a>:<\/strong> A direct cationic-photoinitiator reference when cationic curing routes are being screened.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
FAQ for buyers and formulators<\/h3>\n
Why are blended photoinitiator packages so common?<\/strong>
Because one product may control yellowing or lamp fit well while another improves cure depth or line-speed performance, so the full package is often stronger than any single grade.<\/p>\nShould incomplete cure always be solved by adding more initiator?<\/strong>
Not automatically. The real limitation may be the lamp, film thickness, pigment shading, or the rest of the reactive system rather than simple under-dosage.<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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CHLUMINIT 819<\/a>:<\/strong> Useful when a formulation needs stronger absorption and deeper cure support.<\/li>\n
- Check depth cure and surface cure separately:<\/strong> a film that feels dry on top can still be weak underneath.<\/li>\n