{"id":6190,"date":"2023-07-24T08:07:59","date_gmt":"2023-07-24T08:07:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/?p=6190"},"modified":"2023-07-24T08:07:59","modified_gmt":"2023-07-24T08:07:59","slug":"what-are-the-principles-and-applications-of-wetting-agents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/hu\/what-are-the-principles-and-applications-of-wetting-agents\/","title":{"rendered":"Melyek a nedves\u00edt\u0151szerek alapelvei \u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1sai?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Melyek a nedves\u00edt\u0151szerek alapelvei \u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1sai?<\/strong><\/h1>\n

I. A nedves\u00edt\u0151szer fogalma<\/strong>
\nA nedves\u00edt\u0151szer molekulaszerkezet\u00e9nek alapvet\u0151 jellemz\u0151je, hogy a molekula egyik v\u00e9g\u00e9n egy hidrofil csoport (l\u00e1ncszegmens), a m\u00e1sik v\u00e9g\u00e9n pedig a k\u00e9miai anyag hidrof\u00f3b csoportja (l\u00e1ncszegmens) tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. \u00c1ltal\u00e1noss\u00e1gban ez azt jelenti, hogy a molekul\u00e1k hidrofilek, illetve hidrof\u00f3bok.
\nHa a gyanta v\u00edzb\u00e1zis\u00fa gyanta, akkor a nedvesed\u00e9si mechanizmust (f\u0151leg a v\u00edzb\u00e1zis\u00fa gyant\u00e1k eset\u00e9ben) a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k\u00e9ppen \u00e9rtelmezem:
\nMechanizmus: A v\u00edzb\u00e1zis\u00fa gyanta bevonata a hordoz\u00f3 fel\u00fclet\u00e9n, a nedves\u00edt\u0151szer egy r\u00e9sze a bevonat alj\u00e1n van, amely \u00e9rintkezik a nedves\u00edtend\u0151 fel\u00fclettel, a lipofil l\u00e1ncszegmensek adszorbe\u00e1l\u00f3dnak a szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fcleten, \u00e9s a hidrofil csoportok kifel\u00e9 ny\u00falnak a v\u00edzbe. A v\u00edz \u00e9s a hordoz\u00f3 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kapcsolat a v\u00edz \u00e9s a nedves\u00edt\u0151szer hidrofil csoportjai k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kapcsolatt\u00e1 alakul, szendvicsszerkezetet k\u00e9pezve, amelyben a nedves\u00edt\u0151szer a k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 r\u00e9teg. A v\u00edzf\u00e1zis k\u00f6nnyebben terjed, hogy el\u00e9rje a nedves\u00edt\u00e9s c\u00e9lj\u00e1t. Egy m\u00e1sik r\u00e9sze a nedves\u00edt\u0151szer, l\u00e9tezik a folyad\u00e9k fel\u00fclet\u00e9n, a hidrofil csoportja kiterjed a foly\u00e9kony v\u00edzre, hidrof\u00f3b csoportok kit\u00e9ve a leveg\u0151nek, az egy molekula r\u00e9teg kialakul\u00e1sa, cs\u00f6kkenti a bevonat fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g\u00e9t, ami a bevonat jobb nedves\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t eredm\u00e9nyezi a szubsztr\u00e1tumon, a nedves\u00edt\u00e9s c\u00e9lj\u00e1nak el\u00e9r\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1sodszor, mi a folyad\u00e9k nedves\u00edt\u00e9si teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye<\/strong>
\nA nedvesed\u00e9si teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny a foly\u00e9kony anyagok szil\u00e1rd anyagokhoz val\u00f3 affinit\u00e1s\u00e1t m\u00e9ri. A teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny f\u0151 form\u00e1i: a, a nedves\u00edt\u00e9s szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fclet\u00e9n; b, a terjed\u00e9s szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fclet\u00e9n; c, a penetr\u00e1ci\u00f3 szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fclet\u00e9n.
\nEgyszer\u0171en fogalmazva, a folyad\u00e9k j\u00f3 nedves\u00edt\u0151 tulajdons\u00e1gai k\u00f6nnyen elterjednek a szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fcleten, k\u00f6nnyen behatolnak a r\u00e9s szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fclet\u00e9re.<\/p>\n

Harmadszor, a folyad\u00e9k nedvesed\u00e9si teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9nek hat\u00e1sa a bels\u0151 t\u00e9nyez\u0151re<\/strong>
\nA nedves\u00edt\u00e9si teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny egy relat\u00edv kifejez\u00e9si forma, vagyis maga a folyad\u00e9k \u00e9s a szil\u00e1rd anyag jellemz\u0151i, amelyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl a legfontosabb a folyad\u00e9k \u00e9s a szil\u00e1rd anyag fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g\u00e9nek relat\u00edv m\u00e9rete. Min\u00e9l kisebb a folyad\u00e9k fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9ge, min\u00e9l nagyobb a szil\u00e1rd anyag fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9ge, ann\u00e1l jobb a folyad\u00e9k nedves\u00edt\u00e9si teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye a szil\u00e1rd anyagon, a folyad\u00e9k k\u00e9pes lesz j\u00f3l elter\u00fclni a szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fcleten.<\/p>\n

Negyedszer, a folyad\u00e9k nedves\u00edt\u00e9si k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9nek m\u00e9r\u00e9se<\/strong>
\nA folyad\u00e9k nedves\u00edt\u0151 k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9nek m\u00e9rete a folyad\u00e9k szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fcleten val\u00f3 elterjed\u00e9s\u00e9re haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3, a \u03b8 \u00e9rintkez\u00e9si sz\u00f6g kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak m\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re. Min\u00e9l kisebb a \u03b8 \u00e9rintkez\u00e9si sz\u00f6g, ann\u00e1l jobb a folyad\u00e9k nedvesed\u00e9si teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye a szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fcleten, \u03b8 egyenl\u0151 null\u00e1val, a legjobb nedvesed\u00e9si teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny. Ahol \u03b8 = 90 \u00b0 fontos param\u00e9ter, mert \u03b8 90 \u00b0, a folyad\u00e9k m\u00e1r nem lehet szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fclet spont\u00e1n terjed\u0151 nedves\u00edt\u00e9se.
\nAz \u00e9rintkez\u00e9si sz\u00f6g a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 k\u00e9plettel sz\u00e1m\u00edthat\u00f3 ki: cos\u03b8= (\u03b3s-\u03b3sl)\/\u03b3l
\nahol:
\n\u03b3s a szil\u00e1rd anyag fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9ge.
\n\u03b3l a folyad\u00e9k fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9ge.
\n\u03b3sl a folyad\u00e9k \u00e9s a szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fclet k\u00f6z\u00f6tti hat\u00e1rfel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g. A \u03b3sl nagyon kicsi a \u03b3s \u00e9s \u03b3l \u00e9rt\u00e9kekhez k\u00e9pest, \u00e9s a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sok sor\u00e1n n\u00e9ha figyelmen k\u00edv\u00fcl hagyhat\u00f3.
\nA nedvesed\u00e9si teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny m\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 \u03b8 \u00e9rintkez\u00e9si sz\u00f6g mellett a nedvesed\u00e9si k\u00e9pess\u00e9g nagys\u00e1g\u00e1nak jelz\u00e9s\u00e9re a terjed\u00e9si egy\u00fctthat\u00f3 is haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3. Fizikai jelent\u0151s\u00e9ge egy bizonyos mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 folyad\u00e9k eset\u00e9ben a szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fclet nedvesed\u00e9si fel\u00fclet\u00e9ben lehet, amelyet cm2\/g-ban fejez\u00fcnk ki. Min\u00e9l jobb a folyad\u00e9k nedves\u00edt\u00e9si teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye, ann\u00e1l nagyobb a nedvesed\u00e9si fel\u00fclet. A terjed\u00e9si egy\u00fctthat\u00f3 S-ben kifejezve a k\u00e9plet a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151: S = \u03b3s - \u03b3sl - \u03b3l; ha S nagyobb, mint nulla, akkor a folyad\u00e9k spont\u00e1n a szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fclet nedvesed\u00e9s\u00e9be ker\u00fclhet.<\/p>\n

V. A nedves\u00edt\u0151 k\u00e9pess\u00e9get befoly\u00e1sol\u00f3 t\u00e9nyez\u0151k<\/strong>
\n1, a folyad\u00e9k \u00e9s a nedves\u00edtett szil\u00e1rd anyag k\u00e9miai szerkezete \u00e9s \u00f6sszet\u00e9tele. Els\u0151sorban a fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g m\u00e9ret\u00e9t befoly\u00e1solja, \u00e9s befoly\u00e1solja a nedves\u00edt\u0151 k\u00e9pess\u00e9get.
\n2, a szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fclet \u00e9rdess\u00e9ge. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, \u03b8 90 \u00b0, a fel\u00fcleti \u00e9rdess\u00e9g n\u00f6veli az \u00e9rintkez\u00e9si sz\u00f6get nagyobb lesz \u00e9s nehezen nedvesedik.
\n3, a szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fcletek szennyez\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9nek m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke. A szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fcletek szennyezetts\u00e9ge \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nem kedvez a nedvesed\u00e9snek. Teh\u00e1t az aljzatot a bevon\u00e1s el\u0151tt fert\u0151tlen\u00edteni kell.
\n4, fel\u00fcletakt\u00edv anyag. A fel\u00fcletakt\u00edv anyagok hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sa a folyad\u00e9khoz hat\u00e9konyan cs\u00f6kkentheti a fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9get \u00e9s megk\u00f6nny\u00edtheti a nedvesed\u00e9st.
\n5\u3001A h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet k\u00f6zvetlen hat\u00e1ssal van az anyag fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g\u00e9re, amit a gyakorlati munk\u00e1ban figyelembe kell venni.<\/p>\n

Hatodszor, az elm\u00e9let alkalmaz\u00e1sa<\/strong>
\nA fenti alapelm\u00e9letb\u0151l arra lehet k\u00f6vetkeztetni, hogy a bevonat fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g\u00e9t\u0151l f\u00fcgg, hogy a bevonat k\u00e9pes-e nedves\u00edt\u0151 hat\u00e1st kifejteni a hordoz\u00f3n. Ha a bevonat fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9ge egyenl\u0151 vagy kisebb, mint a szil\u00e1rd szubsztr\u00e1tum fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9ge, akkor a bevonat j\u00f3l elter\u00fcl a szil\u00e1rd fel\u00fcleten.
\nA gyakorlatban van egy int\u00e9zked\u00e9s a nedves\u00edt\u0151szer kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1s\u00e1ra is, olyan nedves\u00edt\u0151szert kell v\u00e1lasztanunk, amely hat\u00e9konyan cs\u00f6kkenti a bevonat fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g\u00e9t az anyag szelektivit\u00e1s\u00e1nak jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

VII. K\u00f6z\u00f6ns\u00e9ges anyagok fel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9gt\u00e1bl\u00e1zata<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
anyag<\/td>\nfel\u00fcleti fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g[mN\/m{dyn\/cm}]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00edz<\/td>\n72.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Glikol<\/td>\n48.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
o-Xilol<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Etil\u00e9nglikol-monoetil\u00e9ter-acet\u00e1t<\/td>\n28.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
n-Butil-acet\u00e1t<\/td>\n25.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rosin<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
n-Butanol<\/td>\n24.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Metil-izobutil-keton<\/td>\n23.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Metil-etil-keton<\/td>\n24.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Melamin gyanta (HMMM t\u00edpus)<\/td>\n58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Epoxigyanta (Epikote 828)<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Metil-polimetil-akril\u00e1t<\/td>\n41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65% Sz\u00f3jababolaj zs\u00edrsavas alkidgyanta<\/td>\n37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Olajmentes alkidgyanta<\/td>\n47<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Modaflow szintez\u0151anyag<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00d3nlemez (bevonat n\u00e9lk\u00fcli\/bevonat\u00fa)<\/td>\n35~45<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Foszf\u00e1tkezelt ac\u00e9l<\/td>\n40~45<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alum\u00ednium<\/td>\n37~45<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alkidgyanta alapoz\u00f3<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00dcveg<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Polimer<\/td>\nYc(\u8fbe\u56e0<\/span>\/<\/span>cm<\/span>)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Urea-formaldehid gyanta<\/td>\n61<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cellul\u00f3z<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poliakrilnitril<\/td>\n44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polietil\u00e9n-oxid<\/td>\n43<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polietil\u00e9n-tereftal\u00e1t<\/td>\n43<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nylon 66<\/td>\n42.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nylon 6<\/td>\n42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poliszulfon<\/td>\n41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polimetil-metakril\u00e1t<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polivinilid\u00e9n-klorid<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polivinil-klorid<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polivinil-alkohol Acet\u00e1l<\/td>\n38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kl\u00f3rszulfon\u00e1lt polietil\u00e9n<\/td>\n37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polivinil-acet\u00e1t<\/td>\n37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polivinil-alkohol<\/td>\n37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polisztirol<\/td>\n32.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nylon 1010<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polibutadi\u00e9n (cisz)<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polietil\u00e9n<\/td>\n31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poliuret\u00e1n<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polivinil-klorid<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polyvinil-butir\u00e1l<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Butil gumi<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polivinilid\u00e9n-klorid<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polydimetil-szilox\u00e1n<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poli-trifluor-etil\u00e9n<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Szilikon gumi<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poli-tetrafluor-etil\u00e9n<\/td>\n18.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Perfluorpropil\u00e9n<\/td>\n16.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Perfluoroktil-metakril\u00e1t<\/td>\n10.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Melyek a nedves\u00edt\u0151szerek alapelvei \u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1sai? I. A nedves\u00edt\u0151szer fogalma A nedves\u00edt\u0151szer molekulaszerkezet\u00e9nek alapvet\u0151 jellemz\u0151je, hogy a molekula egyik v\u00e9g\u00e9n egy hidrofil csoport (l\u00e1ncszegmens), a m\u00e1sik v\u00e9g\u00e9n pedig a k\u00e9miai anyag hidrof\u00f3b csoportja (l\u00e1ncszegmens) tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. \u00c1ltal\u00e1noss\u00e1gban elmondhat\u00f3, hogy [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-catalysts-chemical-auxiliary-agents"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat are the principles and applications of wetting agents? - Longchang Chemical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/hu\/what-are-the-principles-and-applications-of-wetting-agents\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What are the principles and applications of wetting agents? - Longchang Chemical\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What are the principles and applications of wetting agents? 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