{"id":5451,"date":"2022-08-12T12:25:35","date_gmt":"2022-08-12T12:25:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/?p=5451"},"modified":"2022-08-12T12:25:35","modified_gmt":"2022-08-12T12:25:35","slug":"introduction-and-principles-of-common-laboratory-instrument-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/hu\/introduction-and-principles-of-common-laboratory-instrument-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Bevezet\u00e9s \u00e9s a k\u00f6z\u00f6s laborat\u00f3riumi m\u0171szeres anal\u00edzis alapelvei"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bevezet\u00e9s \u00e9s a k\u00f6z\u00f6s laborat\u00f3riumi m\u0171szeres anal\u00edzis alapelvei<\/strong><\/h1>\n

1.Infrav\u00f6r\u00f6s abszorpci\u00f3s spektrom\u00e9ter, IR<\/p>\n

Analitikus elv: infrav\u00f6r\u00f6s f\u00e9nyenergia abszorpci\u00f3ja, amely a molekul\u00e1k rezg\u00e9si, forg\u00e1si energiaszint-ugr\u00e1sait okozza v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 dip\u00f3lusmomentummal.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: a relat\u00edv \u00e1teresztett f\u00e9nyenergia v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa az \u00e1teresztett f\u00e9ny frekvenci\u00e1j\u00e1val.<\/p>\n

A szolg\u00e1ltatott inform\u00e1ci\u00f3: a cs\u00facsok helye, intenzit\u00e1sa \u00e9s alakja, amely megadja a funkci\u00f3s csoportok vagy k\u00e9miai k\u00f6t\u00e9sek jellegzetes rezg\u00e9si frekvenci\u00e1it.<\/p>\n

2. Ultraibolya abszorpci\u00f3s spektrom\u00e9ter, UV<\/p>\n

Az anal\u00edzis elve: UV-energia elnyel\u00e9se, ami a molekul\u00e1ban az elektron energiaszintj\u00e9nek ugr\u00e1s\u00e1t okozza.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: a relat\u00edv elnyelt f\u00e9nyenergia v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa az elnyelt f\u00e9ny hull\u00e1mhossz\u00e1val.<\/p>\n

Inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k: az abszorpci\u00f3s cs\u00facsok helye, intenzit\u00e1sa \u00e9s alakja, amelyek inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t ny\u00fajtanak a molekula k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 elektronszerkezeteir\u0151l.<\/p>\n

3. Nukle\u00e1ris m\u00e1gneses rezonancia spektrometria, NMR<\/p>\n

Az elemz\u00e9s elve: k\u00fcls\u0151 m\u00e1gneses t\u00e9rben l\u00e9v\u0151, m\u00e1gneses magmomentummal rendelkez\u0151 atommagok, amelyek elnyelik a r\u00e1di\u00f3frekvenci\u00e1s energi\u00e1t, \u00e9s ugr\u00e1sokat id\u00e9znek el\u0151 a magspin energiaszintjeiben.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: az elnyelt f\u00e9nyenergia v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa a k\u00e9miai eltol\u00f3d\u00e1ssal.<\/p>\n

A szolg\u00e1ltatott inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k: k\u00e9miai eltol\u00f3d\u00e1sok, intenzit\u00e1sok, hasad\u00e1si r\u00e9szar\u00e1nyok \u00e9s a cs\u00facsok csatol\u00e1si \u00e1lland\u00f3i, amelyek inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t ny\u00fajtanak a magok sz\u00e1m\u00e1r\u00f3l, a k\u00e9miai k\u00f6rnyezetr\u0151l, amelyben elhelyezkednek, \u00e9s geometriai konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3jukr\u00f3l.<\/p>\n

4. Fluoreszcens spektrom\u00e9ter, FS.<\/p>\n

Az anal\u00edzis elve: fluoreszcencia emisszi\u00f3ja elektrom\u00e1gneses sug\u00e1rz\u00e1ssal t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 gerjeszt\u00e9s ut\u00e1n, a *alacsony egyvonalas gerjesztett \u00e1llapotb\u00f3l vissza az egyvonalas alap\u00e1llapotba.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: a kibocs\u00e1tott fluoreszcencia-energia v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa a f\u00e9ny hull\u00e1mhossz\u00e1val.<\/p>\n

Inform\u00e1ci\u00f3szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s: fluoreszcencia hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g \u00e9s \u00e9lettartam, amely inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t ny\u00fajt a molekula k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 elektronszerkezeteir\u0151l.<\/p>\n

5. Raman spektrom\u00e9ter, Ram.<\/p>\n

Az anal\u00edzis elve: a f\u00e9nyenergia elnyel\u00e9se a molekul\u00e1k rezg\u00e9s\u00e9t okozza a polariz\u00e1ci\u00f3s sebess\u00e9g v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s\u00e1val, ami Raman-sz\u00f3r\u00e1shoz vezet.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: a sz\u00f3rt f\u00e9ny energi\u00e1j\u00e1nak v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa a Raman-eltol\u00f3d\u00e1ssal.<\/p>\n

A szolg\u00e1ltatott inform\u00e1ci\u00f3: a cs\u00facsok helye, intenzit\u00e1sa \u00e9s alakja, amely megadja a funkci\u00f3s csoportok vagy k\u00e9miai k\u00f6t\u00e9sek jellegzetes rezg\u00e9si frekvenci\u00e1it.<\/p>\n

6. T\u00f6megspektrometri\u00e1s analiz\u00e1tor, MS.<\/p>\n

Analitikus elv: a molekul\u00e1kat v\u00e1kuumban elektronokkal bomb\u00e1zz\u00e1k, \u00e9s ionokat k\u00e9peznek, amelyeket k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\/e \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 elektrom\u00e1gneses mez\u0151k v\u00e1lasztanak el egym\u00e1st\u00f3l.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: az ionok relat\u00edv kurt\u00f3zisa oszlopdiagramk\u00e9nt m\/e-vel.<\/p>\n

A szolg\u00e1ltatott inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k: a molekulaionok \u00e9s a fragmentumionok t\u00f6megsz\u00e1ma \u00e9s relat\u00edv kurt\u00f3zisuk, amely inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t ny\u00fajt a molekulat\u00f6megr\u0151l, az elemi \u00f6sszet\u00e9telr\u0151l \u00e9s a szerkezetr\u0151l.<\/p>\n

7. G\u00e1zkromatogr\u00e1fia, GC.<\/p>\n

Az anal\u00edzis elve: a minta \u00f6sszetev\u0151inek elv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa a mozg\u00f3 \u00e9s az \u00e1ll\u00f3f\u00e1zis k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 megoszl\u00e1si egy\u00fctthat\u00f3k miatt.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: az oszlop ut\u00e1ni ki\u00e1raml\u00f3 koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa a visszatart\u00e1si \u00e9rt\u00e9kkel.<\/p>\n

Inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k: a cs\u00facs retenci\u00f3s \u00e9rt\u00e9ke a komponensek termodinamikai param\u00e9tereihez kapcsol\u00f3dik, \u00e9s min\u0151s\u00e9gi alapot jelent; a cs\u00facs ter\u00fclete a komponensek tartalm\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3dik.<\/p>\n

8. Elektronparam\u00e1gneses rezonancia spektrometria, ESR.<\/p>\n

Analitikus elv: k\u00fcls\u0151 m\u00e1gneses t\u00e9rben a molekul\u00e1k p\u00e1ros\u00edtatlan elektronjai elnyelik az RF-energi\u00e1t, ami az elektronok spin-energiaszintj\u00e9nek ugr\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezet.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: az elnyelt f\u00e9nyenergia vagy differenci\u00e1lis energia v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa a m\u00e1gneses t\u00e9rer\u0151ss\u00e9ggel.<\/p>\n

A szolg\u00e1ltatott inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k: a spektr\u00e1lis vonalak helyzete, intenzit\u00e1sa, a hasad\u00e1sok sz\u00e1ma \u00e9s a hiperfinomhasad\u00e1si \u00e1lland\u00f3k, amelyek inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t ny\u00fajtanak a p\u00e1ros\u00edtatlan elektronok s\u0171r\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9r\u0151l, a molekul\u00e1ris k\u00f6t\u00e9si tulajdons\u00e1gokr\u00f3l \u00e9s a geometriai konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3kr\u00f3l.<\/p>\n

9. Has\u00edt\u00f3 g\u00e1zkromatogr\u00e1f, PGC.<\/p>\n

Analitikai elv: polimer anyagok azonnali has\u00edt\u00e1sa bizonyos k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, hogy bizonyos jellemz\u0151kkel rendelkez\u0151 fragmentumokat kapjunk.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: az oszlop ut\u00e1ni ki\u00e1raml\u00f3 koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa a visszatart\u00e1si \u00e9rt\u00e9kkel.<\/p>\n

A szolg\u00e1ltatott inform\u00e1ci\u00f3: a spektrum ujjlenyomata vagy jellegzetes fragment\u00e1ci\u00f3s cs\u00facsok, amelyek jellemzik a polimer k\u00e9miai szerkezet\u00e9t \u00e9s geometriai konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

10 . G\u00e9lkromatogr\u00e1fia, GPC.<\/p>\n

Az anal\u00edzis elve: a minta sz\u00e9tv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa a g\u00e9loszlopon kereszt\u00fcl a molekul\u00e1k hidrodinamikai t\u00e9rfogata szerint, a nagyobb molekul\u00e1k \u00e1ramlanak ki el\u0151sz\u00f6r.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: az oszlop ut\u00e1ni ki\u00e1raml\u00f3 koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa a visszatart\u00e1si \u00e9rt\u00e9kkel.<\/p>\n

Inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k: a polimerek \u00e1tlagos molekulat\u00f6mege \u00e9s eloszl\u00e1sa.<\/p>\n

11. Inverz g\u00e1zkromatogr\u00e1fia, IGC.<\/p>\n

Analitikai elv: a szondamolekula retenci\u00f3s \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9nek v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa a szondamolekula \u00e9s a polimer minta mint \u00e1ll\u00f3f\u00e1zis k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1si er\u0151k f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: a szondamolekula specifikus retenci\u00f3s t\u00e9rfogata logaritmus\u00e1nak az oszlop h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u00e9nek inverz\u00e9vel val\u00f3 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak g\u00f6rb\u00e9je.<\/p>\n

A szolg\u00e1ltatott inform\u00e1ci\u00f3: a szondamolekula visszatart\u00e1si \u00e9rt\u00e9ke a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben a polimer termodinamikai param\u00e9tereit adja meg.<\/p>\n

12. Termogravimetria, TG.<\/p>\n

Az elemz\u00e9s elve: a minta t\u00f6meg\u00e9nek v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet vagy az id\u0151 f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben, h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet-szab\u00e1lyozott k\u00f6rnyezetben.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: a minta t\u00f6megfrakci\u00f3j\u00e1nak g\u00f6rb\u00e9je a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet vagy az id\u0151 f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

Adott inform\u00e1ci\u00f3: a g\u00f6rbe meredek es\u00e9se a minta s\u00falyveszt\u00e9si z\u00f3n\u00e1ja, a plat\u00f3 z\u00f3n\u00e1ja pedig a minta h\u0151stabilit\u00e1si z\u00f3n\u00e1ja.<\/p>\n

13. statikus h\u0151er\u0151elemz\u0151, TMA.<\/p>\n

Az elemz\u00e9s elve: a minta deform\u00e1ci\u00f3ja \u00e1lland\u00f3 er\u0151 hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet vagy az id\u0151 f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: a minta deform\u00e1ci\u00f3s \u00e9rt\u00e9keinek g\u00f6rb\u00e9je a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet vagy az id\u0151 f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

Adott inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k: h\u0151\u00e1tmeneti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet \u00e9s mechanikai \u00e1llapot.<\/p>\n

14. Differenci\u00e1lis termikus analiz\u00e1tor, DTA.<\/p>\n

Az analitikai elv: a minta \u00e9s a referencia azonos h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet-szab\u00e1lyozott k\u00f6rnyezetben van, \u00e9s a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet-k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g a kett\u0151 elt\u00e9r\u0151 h\u0151vezet\u0151 k\u00e9pess\u00e9ge miatt keletkezik, \u00e9s a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletnek a k\u00f6rnyezeti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klettel vagy az id\u0151vel val\u00f3 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s\u00e1t r\u00f6gz\u00edtik.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletk\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g g\u00f6rb\u00e9je a k\u00f6rnyezeti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klettel vagy az id\u0151vel.<\/p>\n

Adott inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k: adjon t\u00e1j\u00e9koztat\u00e1st a polimer h\u0151\u00e1tmeneti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u00e9r\u0151l \u00e9s a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 h\u0151hat\u00e1sokr\u00f3l.<\/p>\n

15. Differenci\u00e1lis p\u00e1szt\u00e1z\u00f3 kalorimetri\u00e1s analiz\u00e1tor, DSC.<\/p>\n

Az analitikai elv: a minta \u00e9s a referencia azonos h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet-szab\u00e1lyozott k\u00f6rnyezetben van, \u00e9s a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletk\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g nulla szinten tart\u00e1s\u00e1hoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges energia v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s\u00e1t a k\u00f6rnyezeti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet vagy az id\u0151 f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben r\u00f6gz\u00edtik.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: a h\u0151 vagy annak v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1si sebess\u00e9g\u00e9nek g\u00f6rb\u00e9je a k\u00f6rnyezeti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klettel vagy az id\u0151vel.<\/p>\n

Inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k: inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t ny\u00fajt a polimer h\u0151\u00e1tmeneti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u00e9r\u0151l \u00e9s a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 termikus hat\u00e1sokr\u00f3l.<\/p>\n

16. dinamikus h\u0151er\u0151elemz\u0151, DMA.<\/p>\n

Az elemz\u00e9s elve: a minta deform\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben, periodikusan v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 k\u00fcls\u0151 er\u0151 hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: a modulus vagy tan\u03b4 g\u00f6rb\u00e9je a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

Adott inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k: h\u0151\u00e1tmeneti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet modulus \u00e9s tan\u03b4.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bevezet\u00e9s \u00e9s a k\u00f6z\u00f6s laborat\u00f3riumi m\u0171szeres anal\u00edzis elvei 1. Infrav\u00f6r\u00f6s abszorpci\u00f3s spektrom\u00e9ter, IR Analitikai elv: infrav\u00f6r\u00f6s f\u00e9nyenergia abszorpci\u00f3ja, amely a molekul\u00e1k rezg\u00e9si, forg\u00e1si energiaszint-ugr\u00e1sait okozza v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 dip\u00f3lusmomentumokkal. A spektrum \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa: a relat\u00edv \u00e1teresztett f\u00e9nyenergia v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa az \u00e1teresztett f\u00e9ny frekvenci\u00e1j\u00e1val. Inform\u00e1ci\u00f3szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s: a cs\u00facsok helye, intenzit\u00e1sa \u00e9s alakja, [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5452,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-laboratory-news"],"yoast_head":"\nIntroduction and principles of common laboratory instrument analysis - Longchang Chemical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/hu\/introduction-and-principles-of-common-laboratory-instrument-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Introduction and principles of common laboratory instrument analysis - Longchang Chemical\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introduction and principles of common laboratory instrument analysis 1.Infrared absorption spectrometer, IR Analytical principle: absorption of infrared light energy, causing vibrational, rotational energy level jumps of molecules with changing dipole moments. 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