{"id":5435,"date":"2022-08-05T13:30:37","date_gmt":"2022-08-05T13:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/?p=5435"},"modified":"2026-04-28T10:42:05","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T10:42:05","slug":"structure-principle-of-action-and-common-types-of-hals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/hu\/structure-principle-of-action-and-common-types-of-hals\/","title":{"rendered":"Az akad\u00e1lyozott amin-f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1torok (HALS) szerkezete, m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si elve \u00e9s gyakori t\u00edpusai"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><strong>Az akad\u00e1lyozott amin-f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1torok (HALS) szerkezete, m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si elve \u00e9s gyakori t\u00edpusai<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><!-- lc-qa-start --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Gyors v\u00e1lasz:<\/strong> Az antioxid\u00e1ns, UV-abszorber \u00e9s HALS t\u00e9m\u00e1kban a formul\u00e1z\u00f3k \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban egy\u00fctt hasonl\u00edtj\u00e1k \u00f6ssze a hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa v\u00e9delmet, a folyamatstabilit\u00e1st \u00e9s a sz\u00ednszab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1st, mert ezek a priorit\u00e1sok nem mindig ugyanazt az adal\u00e9kanyagot jel\u00f6lik.<\/p>\n<p><!-- lc-qa-end --><\/p>\n<p>In practical weatherability packages, a common combination is <a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/hu\/product\/uv-384-2\/\">UV-abszorber 384-2<\/a> egy\u00fctt <a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/hu\/product\/light-stabilizer-292\/\">K\u00f6nny\u0171 stabiliz\u00e1tor 292<\/a> to balance UV screening and radical scavenging.<\/p>\n<p>A szabadgy\u00f6k-csapd\u00e1z\u00f3k feladata els\u0151sorban a bevonatok f\u00e9nyez\u00e9s\u00e9nek sor\u00e1n keletkez\u0151 szabadgy\u00f6k\u00f6k, k\u00f6zt\u00fck az alkilgy\u00f6k\u00f6k, alkoxiradik\u00e1lok, peroxiradik\u00e1lok stb. megk\u00f6t\u00e9se, \u00e9s a szerves polimerek tov\u00e1bbi oxidat\u00edv k\u00e1rosod\u00e1s\u00e1nak megakad\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sa ezekkel a reakt\u00edv csoportokkal. A szabadgy\u00f6k-csapd\u00e1z\u00f3 szerek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoznak az akad\u00e1lyozott fenol f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1torok \u00e9s az akad\u00e1lyozott amin f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1torok ( HALS) k\u00e9t kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ja. Az el\u0151bbi egy fenolos szerkezet, a szabadgy\u00f6k\u00f6s polimeriz\u00e1ci\u00f3ra blokkol\u00f3 hat\u00e1s\u00fa lehet, a f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1l\u00f3 hat\u00e1s \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nem olyan j\u00f3, mint az akadozott amin f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1tor, \u00e9s antioxid\u00e1nsk\u00e9nt gyakrabban haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. Az akad\u00e1lyozott amin f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1tor a nagy hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00fa f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1torok oszt\u00e1lya, jelenleg az egyik legsz\u00e9lesebb k\u00f6rben haszn\u00e1lt f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1tor a polimer anyagok f\u00e9ny elleni \u00f6reged\u00e9si folyamat\u00e1ban, gyakran nagyon jelent\u0151s a polimer f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 el\u0151seg\u00edt\u00e9se, a polimer fotooxid\u00e1ci\u00f3, a gy\u00f6k\u00f6k leboml\u00e1si folyamat\u00e1nak megragad\u00e1sa \u00e9s az alkil-hidrog\u00e9n-peroxid boml\u00e1sa, a gerjesztett \u00e1llapot\u00fa energia \u00e9s m\u00e1s m\u00f3don a polimerek f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak c\u00e9lj\u00e1nak el\u00e9r\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, de ez is egy k\u00f6z\u00f6s \u00e9s hat\u00e9kony f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1tor a jelenlegi f\u00e9nykem\u00e9ny\u00edt\u0151 bevonatokban.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Szerkezetileg az akad\u00e1lyozott aminok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a piperidinsorozat, az imidazolidinon-sorozat, azetidinon-sorozat \u00e9s egy\u00e9b sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e9kok, amelyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl a 2,2,6,6,6-tetrametil-piperidin \u00e9s szubsztitu\u00e1lt sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e9kai sorozat a domin\u00e1ns, \u00e9s az alapvet\u0151 szerkezetek a bal oldali a) \u00e9s b) \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3k.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A HALS k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 szerkezetei k\u00f6z\u00fcl az N-H szerkezet \u00e9s az N-metil-szubsztitu\u00e1lt sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e9kok gyakoriak, az N-acetil-sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e9kok pedig rosszul teljes\u00edtenek. A tetrametil-piperidin szerkezet nem rendelkezik konjug\u00e1lt szerkezettel \u00e9s kromog\u00e9n csoporttal, nem nyeli el a 250 nm-n\u00e9l nagyobb hull\u00e1mhossz\u00fas\u00e1g\u00fa f\u00e9nyt, \u00e9s nem rendelkezik az ultraibolya abszorber \u00e9s a gerjesztett \u00e1llapot\u00fa robban\u00f3anyag tulajdons\u00e1gaival. Fotostabiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s mechanizmusa meglehet\u0151sen \u00f6sszetett, amint azt a bal oldali \u00e1bra mutatja. \u00c1ltal\u00e1nosan \u00fagy v\u00e9lik, hogy a polimerek fotostabiliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ban val\u00f3j\u00e1ban a g\u00e1tolt amin nitrog\u00e9n-oxig\u00e9n gy\u00f6k\u00f6k j\u00e1tszanak k\u00f6zvetlen szerepet, amint azt a bal oldali fenti (c) \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3. A HALS csak az akt\u00edv fotostabil szerkezet el\u0151fut\u00e1ra, \u00e9s fotooxid\u00e1ci\u00f3s k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a polimerben sz\u00fcks\u00e9gszer\u0171en jelen vannak vagy keletkeznek oxid\u00e1l\u00f3 fajok, mint az \u00f3zon, a gerjesztett szingulett \u00e1llapot\u00fa oxig\u00e9nmolekul\u00e1k hidrog\u00e9n-peroxid, peroxilgy\u00f6k\u00f6k \u00e9s alkil-hidrog\u00e9n-peroxid. a bal oldali fenti (a) \u00e9s (b) \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3 tetrametil-piperidin szerkezet \u00e9rz\u00e9keny az ilyen reakt\u00edv fajok \u00e1ltal a nitrog\u00e9n-oxig\u00e9n gy\u00f6k\u00f6s szerkezett\u00e9 t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 oxid\u00e1ci\u00f3ra, amint azt a bal oldali fenti (c) \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3. A nitroxid gy\u00f6kszerkezet egy viszonylag stabil gy\u00f6k, amely hagyom\u00e1nyos k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt izol\u00e1lhat\u00f3 \u00e9s tiszt\u00edthat\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>A HALS nitrog\u00e9n-oxig\u00e9n gy\u00f6k\u00f6k k\u00e9pesek befogni a f\u00e9ny\u00f6reged\u00e9s sor\u00e1n keletkez\u0151 szabad gy\u00f6k\u00f6ket, \u00e9s blokkolni azok tov\u00e1bbi k\u00e1ros reakci\u00f3it. A hat\u00e1s sematikus \u00e1br\u00e1ja a fentiekben l\u00e1that\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>A f\u00e9nykik\u00e9pz\u00e9s sor\u00e1n keletkez\u0151 l\u00e1ncgy\u00f6k\u00f6k a kikem\u00e9ny\u00edtett filmben l\u00e9v\u0151 oxig\u00e9nmolekul\u00e1kkal is k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1sba l\u00e9phetnek peroxilgy\u00f6k\u00f6k kialakul\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, azaz a nitrog\u00e9n-oxig\u00e9n gy\u00f6k\u00f6k \u00e9s az oxig\u00e9nmolekul\u00e1k versenyeznek a l\u00e1ncgy\u00f6k\u00f6kh\u00f6z val\u00f3 k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9rt, \u00e9s az oxig\u00e9nmolekul\u00e1k \u00e9s a sz\u00e9nk\u00f6zpont\u00fa gy\u00f6k\u00f6k k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9si reakci\u00f3t a sebess\u00e9gi \u00e1lland\u00f3 kiss\u00e9 domin\u00e1lja. Szerencs\u00e9re a szil\u00e1rd polimerfilmeken bel\u00fcl, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a t\u00e9rh\u00e1l\u00f3s\u00edtott polimerbevonatokon bel\u00fcl az oxig\u00e9nmolekul\u00e1k diff\u00fazi\u00f3ja korl\u00e1tozott, \u00e9s az oxig\u00e9nmolekul\u00e1k koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3ja a filmben sokkal kisebb, mint a nitrog\u00e9n-oxig\u00e9n gy\u00f6k\u00f6k koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3ja. Ez\u00e9rt a nitrog\u00e9n-oxig\u00e9n gy\u00f6k\u00f6k viszonylag domin\u00e1nsak a z\u00e1r\u00e1si reakci\u00f3ban a l\u00e1ncgy\u00f6k\u00f6kkel szemben. A nitroxilgy\u00f6k kezdetben csak a polimerl\u00e1nc-gy\u00f6k\u00f6ket ragadja meg, \u00e9s egy akad\u00e1lyozott piperidin oxig\u00e9nnel lez\u00e1rt polimerl\u00e1nc-szegmenst k\u00e9pez, amelyet NOR-nak jel\u00f6l\u00fcnk, amely tov\u00e1bbra is k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1sba l\u00e9phet a polimerrendszerben a fotog\u00e9nez\u00e9s \u00e1ltal l\u00e9trehozott peroxid-gy\u00f6k\u00f6kkel is, elfogyasztva a peroxid-gy\u00f6k\u00f6ket \u00e9s regener\u00e1lva az akt\u00edv nitroxilgy\u00f6k\u00f6ket \u00e9s az akad\u00e1lyozott aminszerkezeteket egyidej\u0171leg, kialak\u00edtva a HALS virtu\u00f3z ciklus\u00e1t. Val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg ez a f\u0151 mechanizmus, amellyel a HALS kifejti fotostabiliz\u00e1l\u00f3 hat\u00e1s\u00e1t. Amint az a bal oldali fenti \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>HALS kifejlesztett sz\u00e1mos fokozat\u00fa akad\u00e1lyozott amin f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1torok, a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00e1ltal\u00e1nosan haszn\u00e1lt f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1torok elfoglalj\u00e1k a domin\u00e1ns poz\u00edci\u00f3t, HALS jellemz\u0151i miatt az amin, amely egy bizonyos l\u00fagos, savas proton\u00e1l\u00e1s, az \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1s nitrog\u00e9n oxig\u00e9n gy\u00f6k aktivit\u00e1s cs\u00f6kken. Ez\u00e9rt a magas l\u00fagoss\u00e1g\u00fa HALS-okat nem szabad savas vagy savkataliz\u00e1lt bevonatformul\u00e1ci\u00f3kban haszn\u00e1lni, \u00e9s hasonl\u00f3 probl\u00e9m\u00e1k \u00e1llnak fenn a halog\u00e9ntartalm\u00fa \u00e9g\u00e9sg\u00e1tl\u00f3 bevonatok eset\u00e9ben is. A HALS szerkezete jelent\u0151s hat\u00e1ssal van a savass\u00e1g\u00e1ra \u00e9s l\u00fagoss\u00e1g\u00e1ra, \u00e9s a szerkezet \u00e9s a savass\u00e1g k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kapcsolatot az al\u00e1bbi t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat mutatja.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Az N-alkilezett akad\u00e1lyozott amin (N-CH3) l\u00fagoss\u00e1ga kiss\u00e9 gyeng\u00e9bb, mint a m\u00e1sodlagos amin szerkezet\u0171 (N-H) akad\u00e1lyozott amin\u00e9, \u00e9s a hidroxilamin szerkezet\u0171, O-alkilezett hidroxilamin szerkezet\u0171 \u00e9s acetilezett akad\u00e1lyozott amin vonal\u00fa szervezetek m\u00e9g gyenge savass\u00e1got is mutatnak. Az akadozott amin f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1torok b\u00e1zicit\u00e1s\u00e1nak cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se sor\u00e1n olyan t\u00e9nyez\u0151ket is figyelembe kell venni, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a reaktivit\u00e1suk. Az alkalmaz\u00e1s szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l a gyeng\u00e9bb l\u00fagoss\u00e1g\u00fa akad\u00e1lyozott amin f\u00e9nystabiliz\u00e1tor \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban t\u00f6bb O-alkilezett hidroxilamin szerkezet\u0171 \u00e9s acetilezett akad\u00e1lyozott amin sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e9kok, ezek a HALS alkalmasak savas k\u00f6rnyezetben l\u00e9v\u0151 bevonatformul\u00e1khoz.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- lc-commercial-start --><\/p>\n<h2>Antioxid\u00e1ns, UV-elnyel\u0151 \u00e9s HALS csomagok praktikus kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1si \u00fatvonala<\/h2>\n<p>Most stabiliz\u00e1tor-d\u00f6nt\u00e9sek akkor m\u0171k\u00f6dnek a legjobban, ha csomagolt d\u00f6nt\u00e9sk\u00e9nt kezelik \u0151ket, nem pedig egyedi term\u00e9kd\u00f6nt\u00e9sk\u00e9nt. A technikai v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00f3k \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a leger\u0151sebb v\u00e1laszt kapj\u00e1k, ha egy\u00fcttesen vizsg\u00e1lj\u00e1k a hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa h\u0151t\u0171r\u00e9st, a folyamatstabilit\u00e1st, az id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1si expoz\u00edci\u00f3t \u00e9s a sz\u00edntoleranci\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00e1laszd sz\u00e9t a feldolgoz\u00e1s elleni v\u00e9delmet a hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa stabilit\u00e1st\u00f3l:<\/strong> Az olvad\u00e1si t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelemhez legjobb adal\u00e9kanyag nem mindig ugyanaz, mint ami a legjobb \u00e9lettartam-megtart\u00e1st biztos\u00edtja.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Haszn\u00e1lja tudatosan a szinergi\u00e1t:<\/strong> sok polimer- \u00e9s bevonatrendszer akkor teljes\u00edt a legjobban, ha az els\u0151dleges \u00e9s a m\u00e1sodlagos stabiliz\u00e1torokat sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kosan p\u00e1ros\u00edtj\u00e1k.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sz\u00edn- \u00e9s tisztas\u00e1gi k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyek \u00e1ttekint\u00e9se:<\/strong> A vil\u00e1gos, halv\u00e1ny, \u00e9lelmiszer-\u00e9rintkez\u00e9s\u0171 vagy feh\u00e9r rendszerek gyakran szigor\u00fabb csomagol\u00e1st ig\u00e9nyelnek, mint a s\u00f6t\u00e9t ipari term\u00e9kek.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ellen\u0151rizze a val\u00f3s \u00f6reged\u00e9si \u00e1llapotot:<\/strong> A h\u0151, az UV sug\u00e1rz\u00e1s, a p\u00e1ratartalom \u00e9s a k\u00fclt\u00e9ri k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek mind befoly\u00e1solhatj\u00e1k, hogy melyik stabiliz\u00e1tor-\u00fatvonal a kereskedelmileg leghat\u00e9konyabb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Aj\u00e1nlott term\u00e9kreferenci\u00e1k<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/hu\/product\/hema-monomer-cas-868-77-9\/\">CHLUMICRYL HEMA<\/a>:<\/strong> A well-known polar monomer reference in adhesion- and reactivity-driven systems.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/hu\/product\/chlumiao-1010-cas-6683-19-8\/\">CHLUMIAO 1010<\/a>:<\/strong> Egy sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben haszn\u00e1lt els\u0151dleges antioxid\u00e1ns etalon a hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa termikus stabilit\u00e1shoz.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/hu\/product\/chlumiao-168-cas-31570-04-4\/\">CHLUMIAO 168<\/a>:<\/strong> Egy gyakorlati folyamatstabilit\u00e1si referenci\u00e1k, amikor a hidropoxid-szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s sz\u00e1m\u00edt.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/hu\/product\/light-stabilizer-123-tinuvin-123-cas-129757-67-1\/\">CHLUMILS UV-123<\/a>:<\/strong> Er\u0151s HALS referenciaprofil a bevonatokban \u00e9s polimerekben alkalmazott UV-\u00e1ll\u00f3s\u00e1got c\u00e9lz\u00f3 bevonatokhoz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>GYIK v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00f3knak \u00e9s formul\u00e1l\u00f3knak<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Mi\u00e9rt er\u0151sebbek gyakran a stabiliz\u00e1tor csomagok, mint egyetlen adal\u00e9kanyag?<\/strong><br \/>Mivel a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 term\u00e9kek az elm\u00e9rgesed\u00e9si \u00fat k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 r\u00e9szeit k\u00e9pesek v\u00e9deni, \u00edgy a csomag gyakran egyn\u00e9l t\u00f6bb fokozatn\u00e1l nagyobb kock\u00e1zatot fed le.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mindig jav\u00edtja a teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt t\u00f6bb antioxid\u00e1ns vagy UV-stabiliz\u00e1tor hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sa?<\/strong><br \/>Nem felt\u00e9tlen\u00fcl. A t\u00faladagol\u00e1s n\u00f6velheti a k\u00f6lts\u00e9geket \u00e9s n\u00e9ha mell\u00e9khat\u00e1sokat is okozhat, \u00edgy a legt\u00f6bb rendszer a tesztelt adagol\u00e1si ablakon bel\u00fcl teljes\u00edt a legjobban.<\/p>\n<p><!-- lc-commercial-end --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The function of free radical trapping agents is mainly to capture the free radicals generated during the photoaging of coatings, including alkyl radicals, alkoxy radicals, peroxy radicals, etc., and block<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-catalysts-chemical-auxiliary-agents"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Structure, principle of action and common types of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) - 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