{"id":4968,"date":"2022-01-05T14:53:55","date_gmt":"2022-01-05T14:53:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/?p=4968"},"modified":"2022-01-05T14:54:27","modified_gmt":"2022-01-05T14:54:27","slug":"how-to-prepare-test-samples-what-machines-are-there","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/hu\/how-to-prepare-test-samples-what-machines-are-there\/","title":{"rendered":"Hogyan k\u00e9sz\u00edts\u00fcnk vizsg\u00e1lati mint\u00e1kat? Milyen g\u00e9pek vannak?"},"content":{"rendered":"
  1. Nukle\u00e1ris m\u00e1gneses rezonancia spektrom\u00e9ter:
    (1) A vizsg\u00e1latra beny\u00fajtott minta tisztas\u00e1g\u00e1nak \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban > 95%-nek kell lennie, vasreszel\u00e9kt\u0151l, port\u00f3l, sz\u0171r\u0151pap\u00edrgyapott\u00f3l \u00e9s egy\u00e9b szennyez\u0151d\u00e9sekt\u0151l mentesnek. \u00c1ltal\u00e1ban a szerves anyaghoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges minta mennyis\u00e9ge: 1H spektrum>5mg, 13C spektrum>15mg, a polimerekhez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges minta mennyis\u00e9g\u00e9t megfelel\u0151en n\u00f6velni kell.
    (2) Foly\u00e9kony mint\u00e1k elemz\u00e9se eset\u00e9n a mint\u00e1nak j\u00f3 oldhat\u00f3s\u00e1ggal kell rendelkeznie egy bizonyos deuter\u00e1lt old\u00f3szerben, \u00e9s el\u0151sz\u00f6r az old\u00f3szert kell kiv\u00e1lasztani. Az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nosan el\u00e9rhet\u0151 deuter\u00e1lt old\u00f3szerek a kloroform, neh\u00e9zv\u00edz, metanol, aceton, aceton, DMSO, benzol, o-dikl\u00f3rbenzol, acetonitril, piridin, ecetsav \u00e9s trifluorecetsav.
    (3) Adja meg a minta lehets\u00e9ges szerkezet\u00e9t vagy forr\u00e1s\u00e1t. Ha vannak k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyek (pl. detekt\u00e1l\u00e1si h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet, spektrumsz\u00e9less\u00e9g stb.).<\/li>
  2. Infrav\u00f6r\u00f6s spektrom\u00e9ter:
    (1) A mint\u00e1t el\u0151zetesen meg kell tiszt\u00edtani a megfelel\u0151 tisztas\u00e1g biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben;
    (2) A mint\u00e1t el\u0151zetesen v\u00edztelen\u00edteni \u00e9s sz\u00e1r\u00edtani kell a m\u0171szer k\u00e1rosod\u00e1s\u00e1nak elker\u00fcl\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, ugyanakkor a v\u00edzcs\u00facsok interferenci\u00e1j\u00e1nak elker\u00fcl\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a minta spektrum\u00e1n;
    (3) A delejesed\u00e9sre hajlamos mint\u00e1k eset\u00e9ben k\u00e9rj\u00fck, k\u00e9sz\u00edtsen saj\u00e1t exszikk\u00e1tort a t\u00e1rol\u00e1shoz;
    (4) Az ill\u00e9kony, szublim\u00e1lhat\u00f3 \u00e9s h\u0151re instabil mint\u00e1k eset\u00e9ben haszn\u00e1ljon lez\u00e1rt fed\u00e9llel vagy dug\u00f3val ell\u00e1tott tart\u00e1lyt, \u00e9s z\u00e1rja le szorosan;
    (5) A m\u00e9rgez\u0151 \u00e9s mar\u00f3 hat\u00e1s\u00fa mint\u00e1kat lez\u00e1rt tart\u00e1lyokba kell csomagolni.<\/li>
  3. Szerves t\u00f6megspektrom\u00e9ter:
    Alkalmas 50 ~ 2000u relat\u00edv molekulat\u00f6meg\u0171 foly\u00e9kony \u00e9s szil\u00e1rd szerves vegy\u00fcletmint\u00e1k elemz\u00e9s\u00e9re. A mint\u00e1nak olyan tiszt\u00e1nak kell lennie, mint egy komponensnek.<\/li>
  4. G\u00e1zkromatogr\u00e1fia-t\u00f6megspektrom\u00e9ter:
    A g\u00e1zkromatogr\u00e1fi\u00e1s kemenc\u00e9be ker\u00fcl\u0151 mint\u00e1nak a kromatogr\u00e1fi\u00e1s oszlop munkah\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet-tartom\u00e1ny\u00e1n bel\u00fcl teljesen el kell p\u00e1rolognia.<\/li>
  5. Folyad\u00e9kkromatogr\u00e1fia-t\u00f6megspektrom\u00e9ter:
    (1) A t\u0171zvesz\u00e9lyes, robban\u00e1svesz\u00e9lyes, m\u00e9rgez\u0151 \u00e9s mar\u00f3 mint\u00e1kat jel\u00f6lni kell.
    (2) Az elemz\u00e9si eredm\u00e9nyek pontoss\u00e1g\u00e1nak \u00e9s megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1nak biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a mint\u00e1knak mechanikai szennyez\u0151d\u00e9sek n\u00e9lk\u00fcl, teljesen feloldva kell lenni\u00fck.
    (3) Adja meg a minta szerkezeti k\u00e9plet\u00e9t, molekulat\u00f6meg\u00e9t vagy funkci\u00f3s csoportjait, amennyire csak lehets\u00e9ges, az ioniz\u00e1ci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszer kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben; (4) Ha folyad\u00e9kkromatogr\u00e1fi\u00e1s t\u00f6megspektrometri\u00e1t haszn\u00e1lnak, minden pufferrendszernek ill\u00e9kony puffereket kell haszn\u00e1lnia, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul ecetsavat, amm\u00f3nium-acet\u00e1tot, hidrog\u00e9nt Tetrabutil-amm\u00f3nium-oxiddal van megfogalmazva stb.<\/li>
  6. Rep\u00fcl\u00e9si idej\u0171 t\u00f6megspektrom\u00e9ter:
    (1) A minta t\u00edpusa, \u00f6sszet\u00e9tele \u00e9s a minta m\u00e9rete
    A m\u0171szer alkalmas peptidek \u00e9s feh\u00e9rj\u00e9k, valamint m\u00e1s biol\u00f3giai makromolekul\u00e1k, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul poliszacharidok, nukleinsavak \u00e9s nagy molekulas\u00faly\u00fa polimerek, szintetikus oligomerek, valamint egyes viszonylag kis molekulat\u00f6meg\u0171 szerves anyagok, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul C60 vagy C60 graftok m\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re. A vizsg\u00e1land\u00f3 minta lehet egykomponens\u0171 vagy t\u00f6bbkomponens\u0171, de min\u00e9l t\u00f6bb a minta \u00f6sszetev\u0151je, ann\u00e1l \u00f6sszetettebb a spektrum \u00e9s ann\u00e1l nehezebb a spektrumelemz\u00e9s; ha az ioniz\u00e1ci\u00f3s folyamat sor\u00e1n a komponensek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt k\u00f6lcs\u00f6n\u00f6s g\u00e1tl\u00e1s van , nem biztos, hogy minden komponensnek vannak cs\u00facsai. A rutinszer\u0171 meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1shoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges mintat\u00e9rfogat k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 1-10 pikomol\/mikroliter.
    (2) A minta oldhat\u00f3s\u00e1ga
    A vizsg\u00e1land\u00f3 mint\u00e1nak megfelel\u0151 old\u00f3szerben, lehet\u0151leg oldatlan szil\u00e1rd anyagban vagy tiszta folyad\u00e9kban kell old\u00f3dnia.
    (3) Tisztas\u00e1g
    A j\u00f3 min\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171 t\u00f6megspektrumok el\u00e9r\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a peptid- \u00e9s feh\u00e9rjemint\u00e1knak ker\u00fclni\u00fck kell a n\u00e1trium-kloridot, kalcium-kloridot, k\u00e1lium-hidrog\u00e9n-foszf\u00e1tot, dimetil-szulfoxidot, karbamidot, glicerint, trinitrotoluolt, tweent, dodecil-szulf\u00e1tot, a n\u00e1trium-kloridot, kalcium-kloridot, k\u00e1lium-hidrog\u00e9n-foszf\u00e1tot, karbamidot, glicerint, trinitrotoluolt, tweenet, dodecil-szulf\u00e1tot. Ha a vizsg\u00e1lati minta nem ker\u00fclheti el a fenti reagensek haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t az el\u0151kezel\u00e9s sor\u00e1n, a mint\u00e1t dial\u00edzissel \u00e9s nagy teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u0171 folyad\u00e9kkromatogr\u00e1fi\u00e1val kell tiszt\u00edtani. A v\u00edz, amm\u00f3nium-formi\u00e1t, amm\u00f3nium-acet\u00e1t, amm\u00f3nium-bikarbon\u00e1t, acetonitril, trifluor-ecetsav stb. mind alkalmas reagensek a mint\u00e1k tiszt\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A mint\u00e1ban l\u00e9v\u0151 s\u00f3 elt\u00e1vol\u00edthat\u00f3 ioncser\u00e9l\u0151 m\u00f3dszerrel. A feh\u00e9rjeminta tiszt\u00edt\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n a lehet\u0151 legnagyobb m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben liofiliz\u00e1lni kell.<\/li>
  7. Ultraibolya-l\u00e1that\u00f3 abszorpci\u00f3s spektrom\u00e9ter:
    (1) A mintaoldat koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak megfelel\u0151nek kell lennie, valamint tiszt\u00e1nak \u00e9s \u00e1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3nak, \u00e9s nem lehetnek benne bubor\u00e9kok vagy szuszpend\u00e1lt anyagok;
    (2) A szil\u00e1rd mint\u00e1k mennyis\u00e9ge> 0,2 g, a foly\u00e9kony mint\u00e1k mennyis\u00e9ge> 2 ml.<\/li>
  8. G\u00e1zkromatogr\u00e1f:
    A k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl elemezhet\u0151 mint\u00e1knak ill\u00e9konyaknak \u00e9s h\u0151stabilnak kell lenni\u00fck. A forr\u00e1spont \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nem haladja meg a 300 \u2103-ot. Ha a minta nem injekt\u00e1lhat\u00f3 k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl, el\u0151kezel\u00e9sre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g.<\/li>
  9. Folyad\u00e9kkromatogr\u00e1f:
    A mint\u00e1nak sz\u00e1raznak kell lennie, \u00e9s a legjobb, ha megadja a vizsg\u00e1land\u00f3 komponens szerkezet\u00e9t; \u00f6sszetett mint\u00e1k eset\u00e9ben a lehet\u0151 legt\u00f6bbet adjon meg arr\u00f3l, hogy milyen egy\u00e9b komponensek lehetnek a mint\u00e1ban.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    1. Elemanaliz\u00e1tor:
      (1) A mint\u00e1nak egys\u00e9ges szil\u00e1rd r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9nek vagy folyad\u00e9knak kell lennie, amely nem tartalmaz adszorbe\u00e1lt vizet, \u00e9s amelyet megtiszt\u00edtottak. Ha a minta nem tiszta (adszorbe\u00e1lt vizet, szerves old\u00f3szert, szervetlen s\u00f3t vagy egy\u00e9b szennyez\u0151d\u00e9st tartalmaz), az befoly\u00e1solja az anal\u00edzis eredm\u00e9ny\u00e9t, \u00e9s a vizsg\u00e1lati \u00e9rt\u00e9k nem felel meg a sz\u00e1m\u00edtott \u00e9rt\u00e9knek;
      (3) A minta mennyis\u00e9g\u00e9nek elegend\u0151nek kell lennie ahhoz, hogy megfeleljen a m\u00f3dszer \u00e9s a m\u0171szer linearit\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s \u00e9rz\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9nek.<\/li>
    2. Ionkromatogr\u00e1f:
      A minta lehet v\u00edzben, h\u00edg savban vagy l\u00fagban old\u00f3d\u00f3, \u00e9s a haszn\u00e1lt sav vagy l\u00fag nem tartalmazhatja a vizsg\u00e1land\u00f3 ionokat. A vizsg\u00e1land\u00f3 elemet tartalmaz\u00f3, de v\u00edzben, savas \u00e9s l\u00fagos oldatokban nem ionos \u00e1llapotban l\u00e9v\u0151 vegy\u00fcletek eset\u00e9ben megfelel\u0151 minta-el\u0151kezel\u00e9s sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges.<\/li>
    3. Plazma atomemisszi\u00f3s spektrom\u00e9ter:
      \u2460List\u00e1zza fel, amennyire lehets\u00e9ges, a f\u0151 \u00f6sszetev\u0151ket, a szennyez\u0151 komponenseket \u00e9s azok (becs\u00fclt) tartalm\u00e1t; mi a vizsg\u00e1land\u00f3 elemek legalacsonyabb (becs\u00fclt) tartalma? Az oldat eset\u00e9ben adja meg a k\u00f6zeg \u00f6sszet\u00e9tel\u00e9t (az old\u00f3szer t\u00edpusa, sav \u00e9s b\u00e1zis \u00e9s (becs\u00fclt) tartalma), tartalmaz-e fluort (F-) vagy sem? Mert a fluor (F-) s\u00falyosan korrod\u00e1lja a porlaszt\u00f3t!
      \u2461A szil\u00e1rd mint\u00e1b\u00f3l olyan oldatot kell k\u00e9sz\u00edteni, amely nem tartalmaz szerves anyagokat, a v\u00e9gs\u0151 savass\u00e1got 1 molra szab\u00e1lyozzuk, a minta m\u00e9rete pedig 5-50 ml. Ha szuszpend\u00e1lt szil\u00e1rd anyagokat vagy csapad\u00e9kot tartalmaz, mindenk\u00e9ppen sz\u0171rni kell.
      \u2462A mint\u00e1t oldatt\u00e1 kell feldolgozni.<\/li>
    4. Atomos fluoreszcencia spektrom\u00e9ter:
      (1) A mintaelemz\u00e9s \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyei
      Az atomfluoreszcens spektrom\u00e9ter \u00e1ltal elemzett objektumok az arz\u00e9n (As), szel\u00e9n (Se), germ\u00e1nium (Ge), tell\u00far (Te) stb. \u00e9s a higany (Hg) atomok, amelyek ion\u00e1llapotban l\u00e9teznek. A mint\u00e1nak vizes oldatnak vagy savban old\u00f3d\u00f3nak kell lennie.
      (2) Szil\u00e1rd mint\u00e1k
      \u2460Inorganic solid sample, a minta az egyszer\u0171 felold\u00e1s ut\u00e1n is megfelel\u0151 savass\u00e1g\u00fa marad.
      Arz\u00e9n (As), szel\u00e9n (Se), tell\u00far (Te), higany (Hg) kimutat\u00e1sa, a k\u00f6zeg s\u00f3sav (5%, v\/v);
      A germ\u00e1nium (Ge) kimutat\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a k\u00f6zeg k\u00e9nsav (5%, v\/v);
      A higany (Hg) kimutat\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a k\u00f6zeg lehet sal\u00e9tromsav (5%, v\/v) is, \u00e9s a kimutat\u00e1si (As) k\u00f6zeg lehet k\u00e9nsav (2%, v\/v) is.
      Mivel a r\u00e9z, ez\u00fcst, arany, platina \u00e9s m\u00e1s f\u00e9mek nagyobb interferenci\u00e1t mutatnak a m\u00e9rend\u0151 elemekkel, az ilyen t\u00edpus\u00fa \u00f6tv\u00f6zetmint\u00e1kban l\u00e9v\u0151 arz\u00e9n, szel\u00e9n, tell\u00far \u00e9s higany nem hat\u00e1rozhat\u00f3 meg ezzel a m\u0171szerrel.
      \u2461Organikus vagy biol\u00f3giai szil\u00e1rd mint\u00e1k
      A minta nitr\u00e1tos oldatba ker\u00fcl, \u00e9s megfelel\u0151 savass\u00e1got tart fenn. A k\u00f6zeg savass\u00e1ga megegyezik a szervetlen minta savass\u00e1g\u00e1val.
      (3) A mint\u00e1ban vizsg\u00e1land\u00f3 elemekre vonatkoz\u00f3 hat\u00e1r\u00e9rt\u00e9kk\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyek
      A m\u0171szer \u00e9rz\u00e9kenys\u00e9ge \u00e9s az elemz\u00e9si m\u00f3dszer \u00e1ltal meghat\u00e1rozott, a mint\u00e1ban m\u00e9rend\u0151 elem fels\u0151 \u00e9s als\u00f3 hat\u00e1r\u00e9rt\u00e9ke 0,05 \u03bcg\/g ~ 500 \u03bcg\/g. Az ezen a tartalmi tartom\u00e1nyon k\u00edv\u00fcli mint\u00e1k kimutat\u00e1sa ezzel a m\u0171szerrel nem garant\u00e1lja a kimutat\u00e1si eredm\u00e9nyek pontoss\u00e1g\u00e1t \u00e9s megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t.
      (4) A minta m\u00e9rete
      Az egyes kimutatand\u00f3 elemek eset\u00e9ben a szil\u00e1rd minta mennyis\u00e9ge legal\u00e1bb 2 g, a foly\u00e9kony minta mennyis\u00e9ge legal\u00e1bb 20 ml, a v\u00edzminta mennyis\u00e9ge pedig legal\u00e1bb 100 ml.<\/li>
    5. Differenci\u00e1lis p\u00e1szt\u00e1z\u00f3 kalorim\u00e9ter:
      A szil\u00e1rd mint\u00e1k a vizsg\u00e1lt h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klettartom\u00e1nyon bel\u00fcl nem bomlanak le, \u00e9s nem keletkeznek ill\u00e9kony anyagok. Mintam\u00e9ret: szervetlen vagy szerves anyagok eset\u00e9ben legal\u00e1bb 20 mg, gy\u00f3gyszerek eset\u00e9ben pedig legal\u00e1bb 5 mg egyetlen vizsg\u00e1lat sor\u00e1n.<\/li>
    6. Termogravimetri\u00e1s analiz\u00e1tor:
      Minta m\u00e9rete: legal\u00e1bb 30 mg. Adja meg a kimutat\u00e1si h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klettartom\u00e1nyt, a k\u00eds\u00e9rleti l\u00e9gk\u00f6rt (leveg\u0151, N2 vagy Ar), a f\u0171t\u00e9si sebess\u00e9get, a g\u00e1z\u00e1raml\u00e1si sebess\u00e9get (ha vannak k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyek).<\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Nukle\u00e1ris m\u00e1gneses rezonancia spektrom\u00e9ter:(1) A vizsg\u00e1latra beny\u00fajtott minta tisztas\u00e1g\u00e1nak \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban > 95%-nek kell lennie, vasreszel\u00e9kt\u0151l, port\u00f3l, sz\u0171r\u0151pap\u00edrgyapott\u00f3l \u00e9s egy\u00e9b szennyez\u0151d\u00e9sekt\u0151l mentesnek. \u00c1ltal\u00e1ban a szerves anyaghoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges minta mennyis\u00e9ge: 1H spektrum>5mg, 13C spektrum>15mg, a polimerekhez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges minta mennyis\u00e9g\u00e9t megfelel\u0151en n\u00f6velni kell.(2) Foly\u00e9kony mint\u00e1k elemz\u00e9se eset\u00e9n [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-laboratory-news"],"yoast_head":"\nHow to prepare test samples? What machines are there? - Longchang Chemical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/hu\/how-to-prepare-test-samples-what-machines-are-there\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to prepare test samples? What machines are there? - Longchang Chemical\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer:(1) The purity of the sample submitted for inspection should generally be >95%, free of iron filings, dust, filter paper wool and other impurities. 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