{"id":5435,"date":"2022-08-05T13:30:37","date_gmt":"2022-08-05T13:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/?p=5435"},"modified":"2026-04-28T10:42:05","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T10:42:05","slug":"structure-principle-of-action-and-common-types-of-hals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/structure-principle-of-action-and-common-types-of-hals\/","title":{"rendered":"Structure, principe d'action et types courants de stabilisateurs de lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 base d'amines encombr\u00e9es (HALS)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><strong>Structure, principe d'action et types courants de stabilisateurs de lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 base d'amines encombr\u00e9es (HALS)<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><!-- lc-qa-start --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Quick answer:<\/strong> For antioxidant, UV absorber, and HALS topics, formulators usually compare long-term protection, process stability, and color control together because those priorities do not always point to the same additive.<\/p>\n<p><!-- lc-qa-end --><\/p>\n<p>In practical weatherability packages, a common combination is <a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/product\/uv-384-2\/\">Absorbeur d'UV 384-2<\/a> together with <a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/product\/light-stabilizer-292\/\">Stabilisateur l\u00e9ger 292<\/a> to balance UV screening and radical scavenging.<\/p>\n<p>La fonction des agents de pi\u00e9geage des radicaux libres est principalement de capturer les radicaux libres g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s pendant le photovieillissement des rev\u00eatements, y compris les radicaux alkyles, les radicaux alkoxy, les radicaux peroxy, etc. et de bloquer les dommages oxydatifs ult\u00e9rieurs de ces groupes r\u00e9actifs sur les polym\u00e8res organiques. Les agents de pi\u00e9geage des radicaux libres comprennent les stabilisateurs de lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 base de ph\u00e9nol encombr\u00e9 et les stabilisateurs de lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 base d'amine encombr\u00e9e (HALS), qui se r\u00e9partissent en deux cat\u00e9gories. Le premier est une structure ph\u00e9nolique, la polym\u00e9risation des radicaux libres peut avoir un effet de blocage, l'effet de stabilisation de la lumi\u00e8re n'est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas aussi bon que celui des stabilisateurs de lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 base d'amine encombr\u00e9e, et l'utilisation en tant qu'antioxydant est plus courante. Le stabilisateur de lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 base d'amines encombr\u00e9es est une classe de stabilisateurs de lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 haute efficacit\u00e9, c'est actuellement l'un des stabilisateurs de lumi\u00e8re les plus utilis\u00e9s dans le processus de vieillissement des mat\u00e9riaux polym\u00e8res sous l'effet de la lumi\u00e8re, il favorise souvent de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s significative la stabilisation de la lumi\u00e8re des polym\u00e8res, par la capture de la photo-oxydation des polym\u00e8res, le processus de d\u00e9gradation des radicaux, la d\u00e9composition du peroxyde d'hydrog\u00e8ne d'alkyle, l'\u00e9clatement de l'\u00e9nergie de l'\u00e9tat excit\u00e9 et d'autres moyens pour atteindre l'objectif de stabilisation de la lumi\u00e8re des polym\u00e8res, mais c'est aussi un stabilisateur de lumi\u00e8re courant et efficace dans les rev\u00eatements photopolym\u00e9risables actuels.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>D'un point de vue structurel, les amines encombr\u00e9es comprennent la s\u00e9rie des pip\u00e9ridines, la s\u00e9rie des imidazolidinones, la s\u00e9rie des az\u00e9tidinones et d'autres d\u00e9riv\u00e9s, parmi lesquels la s\u00e9rie des 2,2,6,6-t\u00e9tram\u00e9thylpip\u00e9ridines et ses d\u00e9riv\u00e9s substitu\u00e9s sont dominants, et les structures de base sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans les figures de gauche (a) et (b).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Parmi les diff\u00e9rentes structures des HALS, la structure N-H et les d\u00e9riv\u00e9s substitu\u00e9s par N-m\u00e9thyl sont courants, et les d\u00e9riv\u00e9s N-ac\u00e9tyl sont peu performants. La structure t\u00e9tram\u00e9thylpip\u00e9ridine n'a pas de structure conjugu\u00e9e ni de groupe chromog\u00e8ne, n'absorbe pas la lumi\u00e8re d'une longueur d'onde sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 250 nm et n'a pas les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s d'absorbeur d'ultraviolets et d'agent d'\u00e9clatement de l'\u00e9tat excit\u00e9. Son m\u00e9canisme de photostabilisation est assez complexe, comme le montre la figure de gauche. On pense g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement que ce sont les radicaux azote-oxyg\u00e8ne des amines encombr\u00e9es qui jouent r\u00e9ellement un r\u00f4le direct dans la photostabilisation des polym\u00e8res, comme le montre le point (c) ci-dessus \u00e0 gauche. Le HALS n'est qu'un pr\u00e9curseur de la structure active photostable et, dans des conditions de photo-oxydation, des esp\u00e8ces oxydantes telles que l'ozone, les mol\u00e9cules d'oxyg\u00e8ne excit\u00e9es \u00e0 l'\u00e9tat singulet, le peroxyde d'hydrog\u00e8ne, les radicaux peroxyles et le peroxyde d'hydrog\u00e8ne alkyl\u00e9 sont n\u00e9cessairement pr\u00e9sents ou g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s dans le polym\u00e8re. La structure t\u00e9tram\u00e9thylpip\u00e9ridine, comme indiqu\u00e9 en (a) et (b) ci-dessus \u00e0 gauche, est susceptible d'\u00eatre oxyd\u00e9e par ces esp\u00e8ces r\u00e9actives en structure radicale azote-oxyg\u00e8ne, comme indiqu\u00e9 en (c) ci-dessus \u00e0 gauche. La structure du radical nitroxyde est un radical relativement stable qui peut \u00eatre isol\u00e9 et purifi\u00e9 dans des conditions conventionnelles.<\/p>\n<p>Les radicaux azote-oxyg\u00e8ne HALS peuvent capturer les radicaux libres g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s pendant le photovieillissement et bloquer leurs r\u00e9actions nocives ult\u00e9rieures. Le sch\u00e9ma de l'effet est illustr\u00e9 ci-dessus.<\/p>\n<p>Les radicaux en cha\u00eene g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par le photovieillissement peuvent \u00e9galement interagir avec les mol\u00e9cules d'oxyg\u00e8ne dans le film durci pour former des radicaux peroxyles, c'est-\u00e0-dire que les radicaux azote-oxyg\u00e8ne et les mol\u00e9cules d'oxyg\u00e8ne sont en concurrence pour se lier aux radicaux en cha\u00eene, et la r\u00e9action de liaison entre les mol\u00e9cules d'oxyg\u00e8ne et les radicaux centr\u00e9s sur le carbone est l\u00e9g\u00e8rement domin\u00e9e par la constante de vitesse. Heureusement, dans les films polym\u00e8res solides, en particulier dans les rev\u00eatements polym\u00e8res r\u00e9ticul\u00e9s, la diffusion des mol\u00e9cules d'oxyg\u00e8ne est limit\u00e9e et la concentration des mol\u00e9cules d'oxyg\u00e8ne dans le film est beaucoup plus faible que la concentration des radicaux azote-oxyg\u00e8ne. Par cons\u00e9quent, les radicaux azote-oxyg\u00e8ne sont relativement dominants dans la r\u00e9action de fermeture des radicaux en cha\u00eene. Le radical nitroxyl ne capture initialement que les radicaux de la cha\u00eene polym\u00e8re, formant un segment de cha\u00eene polym\u00e8re piperidine scell\u00e9 \u00e0 l'oxyg\u00e8ne, appel\u00e9 NOR, qui peut \u00e9galement continuer \u00e0 interagir avec les radicaux peroxydes g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par le photovieillissement dans le syst\u00e8me polym\u00e8re, consommant les radicaux peroxydes et r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rant en m\u00eame temps les radicaux nitroxyl actifs et les structures amines encombr\u00e9es, formant ainsi un cycle vertueux de HALS. Il s'agit probablement du principal m\u00e9canisme par lequel les HALS exercent leur effet photostabilisateur. Comme le montre le diagramme ci-dessus \u00e0 gauche.<\/p>\n<p>Les HALS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s dans de nombreuses cat\u00e9gories de stabilisateurs de lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 base d'amines encombr\u00e9es, la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 des stabilisateurs de lumi\u00e8re couramment utilis\u00e9s occupant une position dominante, les HALS en raison des caract\u00e9ristiques de l'amine, pr\u00e9sentant une certaine protonation alcaline, acide, la conversion en radicaux d'oxyg\u00e8ne d'azote sera r\u00e9duite. Par cons\u00e9quent, les HALS \u00e0 forte alcalinit\u00e9 ne doivent pas \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s dans les formulations de rev\u00eatements acides ou catalys\u00e9s par des acides, et des probl\u00e8mes similaires existent pour les rev\u00eatements ignifuges contenant des halog\u00e8nes. La structure des HALS a un effet significatif sur leur acidit\u00e9 et leur alcalinit\u00e9, et la relation entre la structure et l'acidit\u00e9 est indiqu\u00e9e dans le tableau ci-dessous.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>L'alcalinit\u00e9 de l'amine encombr\u00e9e N-alkyl\u00e9e (N-CH3) est l\u00e9g\u00e8rement plus faible que celle de l'amine encombr\u00e9e \u00e0 structure amine secondaire (N-H), et la structure hydroxylamine, la structure hydroxylamine O-alkyl\u00e9e et les organismes de la ligne d'amine encombr\u00e9e ac\u00e9tyl\u00e9e pr\u00e9sentent m\u00eame une faible acidit\u00e9. Lors de la r\u00e9duction de la basicit\u00e9 des stabilisateurs de lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 base d'amines encombr\u00e9es, des facteurs tels que leur r\u00e9activit\u00e9 doivent \u00e9galement \u00eatre pris en compte. Du point de vue de l'application, les stabilisateurs de lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 base d'amines encombr\u00e9es plus faiblement alcalines sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement davantage des d\u00e9riv\u00e9s d'amines encombr\u00e9es ac\u00e9tyl\u00e9es et de structures d'hydroxylamine O-alkyl\u00e9es, ces HALS convenant aux formulations de rev\u00eatements en milieu acide.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- lc-commercial-start --><\/p>\n<h2>A practical selection route for antioxidant, UV absorber, and HALS packages<\/h2>\n<p>Most stabilizer decisions work best when they are treated as package decisions rather than single-product decisions. Technical buyers usually get the strongest answer by reviewing long-term heat aging, process stability, weather exposure, and color sensitivity together.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Separate processing protection from long-term stability:<\/strong> the best additive for melt history is not always the same one that gives the best service-life retention.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use synergy deliberately:<\/strong> many polymer and coating systems perform best when primary and secondary stabilizers are paired intentionally.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Review color and clarity requirements:<\/strong> clear, pale, food-contact, or white systems often need a tighter package than dark industrial products.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Check the real aging condition:<\/strong> heat, UV, humidity, and outdoor exposure can each change which stabilizer route is commercially strongest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Recommended product references<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/product\/hema-monomer-cas-868-77-9\/\">CHLUMICRYL HEMA<\/a>:<\/strong> A well-known polar monomer reference in adhesion- and reactivity-driven systems.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/product\/chlumiao-1010-cas-6683-19-8\/\">CHLUMIAO 1010<\/a>:<\/strong> A widely used primary antioxidant benchmark for long-term thermal stability.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/product\/chlumiao-168-cas-31570-04-4\/\">CHLUMIAO 168<\/a>:<\/strong> A practical process-stability reference when hydroperoxide control matters.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/product\/light-stabilizer-123-tinuvin-123-cas-129757-67-1\/\">CHLUMILS UV-123<\/a>:<\/strong> A strong HALS reference for weatherability-focused screens in coatings and polymers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>FAQ for buyers and formulators<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Why are stabilizer packages often stronger than a single additive?<\/strong><br \/>Because different products can protect different parts of the degradation pathway, so the package often covers more risk than one grade alone.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Does adding more antioxidant or UV stabilizer always improve performance?<\/strong><br \/>Not necessarily. Over-dosing can increase cost and sometimes create side effects, so most systems perform best inside a tested dosage window.<\/p>\n<p><!-- lc-commercial-end --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The function of free radical trapping agents is mainly to capture the free radicals generated during the photoaging of coatings, including alkyl radicals, alkoxy radicals, peroxy radicals, etc., and block<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-catalysts-chemical-auxiliary-agents"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Structure, principle of action and common types of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) - Longchang Chemical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The function of free radical trapping agents is mainly to capture the free radicals generated during the photoaging of coatings, including alkyl radical...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/structure-principle-of-action-and-common-types-of-hals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Structure, principle of action and common types of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) - 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