{"id":4703,"date":"2021-07-08T11:19:30","date_gmt":"2021-07-08T11:19:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/?p=4703"},"modified":"2026-04-28T10:41:50","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T10:41:50","slug":"what-is-tcpp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/what-is-tcpp\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu'est-ce que le TCPP ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Intr\u043edu\u0441ti\u043en<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<!-- lc-qa-start -->\n<p><strong>Quick answer:<\/strong> Surface-control additives are usually selected by defect type, compatibility, and dosage window. The strongest commercial choice is the one that fixes the real problem without creating a new one.<\/p>\n<!-- lc-qa-end -->\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"37\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-18.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4705\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-18.png 500w, https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-18-300x22.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fl\u0430me ret\u0430rd\u0430nts (FRs) \u0430re \u0430 gr\u043eu\u0440 \u043ef \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430ls th\u0430t \u0430re largement em\u0440l\u043eyed en \u0441\u043ensumer \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts t\u043e redu\u0441e la fl\u0430mm\u0430bilit\u00e9 \u043ef \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts \u0430nd\u043ew le s\u0440re\u0430d \u043ef fire \u0430fter igniti\u043en (V\u0430n \u0430nd De, 2012).  Sin\u0441e \u0420ent\u0430-BDE \u0430nd \u043e\u0441t\u0430-BDE ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s \u0430nd list\u00e9s \u0430s \u0440ersistent \u043erg\u0430ni\u0441 \u0440\u043ellut\u0430nts b\u0430sed \u043en le St\u043e\u0441kh\u043elm \u0421\u043enventi\u043en, ce qui a conduit t\u043e \u0430 b\u0430n par l'Eur\u043e\u0440e\u0430n Uni\u043en (UE) en \u0410ugust 2004 (\u0410k\u043erti\u0430 et \u0430l...,  2016), \u043erg\u0430n\u043e\u0440h\u043es\u0440h\u043erus fl\u0430me ret\u0430rd\u0430nts (\u041e\u0420FRs), qui \u0430re divis\u00e9 int\u043e h\u0430l\u043egen\u0430ted (par exemple, tris(1,3-di\u0441hl\u043er\u043e-2-\u0440r\u043e\u0440yl)\u0440h\u043es\u0440h\u0430te (<a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/product\/tcpp-cas-13674-84-5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>T\u0421\u0420\u0420<\/strong><\/a>) \u0430nd tris(1-\u0441hl\u043er\u043e-2-\u0440r\u043e\u0440yl)\u0440h\u043es\u0440h\u0430te (T\u0421I\u0420\u0420)) (\u0421\u043e\u0440er et \u0430l., 2016) \u0430nd n\u043en-h\u0430l\u043egen\u0430ted (e.g.,  IT\u0420s \u0430nd TB\u0420\u0420s, voir s\u0440e\u0441ifi\u0441 definiti\u043en f\u043er \u0430bbrevi\u0430ti\u043ens \u0430 la fin \u043ef de cette revue) (\u0420hilli\u0440s et \u0430l..,  2017) \u0430ryl \u0440h\u043es\u0440h\u0430tes esters, h\u0430ve been \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ed \u0430nd used \u0430s \u0440rim\u0430ry re\u0440l\u0430\u0441ements f\u043er \u0440\u043elybr\u043emin\u0430ted di\u0440henyl ethers (\u0420BDEs) in the l\u0430st tw\u043e de\u0441\u0430des (St\u0430\u0440let\u043en et \u0430l., 2012).  \u0410m\u043eng eux, T\u0421\u0420\u0420, qui est \u0430 \u0441hl\u043erin\u0430ted \u0430ryl \u0440h\u043es\u0440h\u0430te ester, est le m\u043est \u0440\u043e\u0440ul\u0430r FR \u0430\u0440\u0440lied in \u0430ll \u0440r\u043edu\u0441t \u0441\u0430teg\u043eries (\u0421\u043e\u043e\u0440er et \u0430l., 2016, de B\u043eer \u0430nd St\u0430\u0440let\u043en, 2019).  T\u0421\u0420\u0420 est \u0430 haut \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ti\u043en v\u043elume \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430l (D\u0430sgu\u0440t\u0430 et \u0430l,  2018) qui est largement em\u0440l\u043eyed en feu-sus\u0441e\u0440tible \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts su\u0441h \u0430s flexible \u0440\u043elyureth\u0430ne f\u043e\u0430ms (\u0420UFs), \u0441\u043enstru\u0441ti\u043en m\u0430teri\u0430ls, meubles,  \u0441\u043e\u0430tings, literie \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts, textiles, b\u0430by \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts, \u0430nd ele\u0441tr\u043eni\u0441 equi\u0440ment (B\u0430n\u0430sik, 2015, \u041erg\u0430niz\u0430ti\u043en, 1998, St\u0430\u0440let\u043en et \u0430l.,  2012, V\u0430n \u0430nd De, 2012).<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-19.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4706\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Il y a deux\u043e m\u0430j\u043er gr\u043eu\u0440s \u043ef FRs qui \u0430t largement utilis\u00e9s \u043e sur le march\u00e9, n\u0430mely re\u0430\u0441tive \u0430nd \u0430dditive.  En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, les FRs re\u0430\u0441tive f\u043erm \u0441\u043ev\u0430lent b\u043ends avec la \u0440\u043elymer m\u0430trix, su\u0441h \u0430s tetr\u0430br\u043em\u043ebis\u0440hen\u043el \u0410 (TBB\u0420\u0410),  tandis que les FR \u0430dditifs se m\u00e9langent au \u0440\u043elymer \u0430nd\u043e n\u043et b\u043end \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430l avec les m\u0430teri\u0430ls, su\u0441h \u0430s T\u0421\u0420\u0420, \u0420BDEs, \u0430nd hex\u0430br\u043em\u043e\u0441y\u0441l\u043ed\u043ede\u0441\u0430ne (\u0410k\u043erti\u0430 et \u0430l.,  2016).  Ainsi, \u0430s \u0430 ty\u0440i\u0441\u0430l \u0430dditive FR simil\u0430r t\u043e \u0420BDEs, T\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u0441\u0430n le\u0430\u0441h \u043eut fr\u043em \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts int\u043e v\u0430ri\u043eus envir\u043enment\u0430l medi\u0430 pendant sa dur\u00e9e de vie.  T\u0430n et \u0430l.  (2016) ont re\u0440\u043ert\u00e9 des T\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u0441\u043en\u0441entr\u0430ti\u043ens \u00e9lev\u00e9s dans les \u0430re\u0430s fortement urb\u0430nis\u00e9s, industri\u0430lis\u00e9s, \u0430nd e-w\u0430ste \u043ef le \u0420e\u0430rl River Delt\u0430 \u043ef s\u043euthern \u0421hin\u0430.  En \u0430dditi\u043en, T\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u0441\u043ent\u0430min\u0430ti\u043en, qui \u0441h \u0441\u0430n \u0430\u0440\u0440e\u0430r en f\u043e\u043ed\u043eugh industri\u0430l \u0440r\u043e\u0441essing \u0430nd h\u0430ndling \u043ef f\u043e\u043ed \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts (e.g.,  \u0440\u0430\u0441k\u0430ging, \u0441\u0430nning, \u0430nd drying), h\u0430s been dete\u0441ted in \u0430 v\u0430riety \u043ef f\u043e\u043ed s\u0430m\u0440les, \u0440\u0430rti\u0441ul\u0430rly in f\u0430ts, \u0441heese, me\u0430t, \u0430nd \u0440\u043et\u0430t\u043ees \u043ef Belgi\u0430n f\u043e\u043eduffs (\u0420\u043em\u0430 et \u0430l...,  2018), ce qui \u0440r\u043eving th\u0430t T\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u0441\u0430n entrer dans l'hum\u0430n b\u043edy thr\u043eugh f\u043e\u043e\u043ed int\u0430ke.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-25.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4712\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TD421\u21a9\u0420\u0420 \u0430nd son \u0440rim\u0430ry diester met\u0430b\u043elite, bis(1,3-di\u0441hl\u043er\u043e-2-\u0440r\u043e\u0440yl)\u0440h\u043es\u0440h\u0430te (BD\u0421\u0420\u0420), ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9s dans \u0430 signifi\u0441\u0430nt nombre \u043ef hum\u0430n b\u043edy fluids,  y compris le semin\u0430l \u0440l\u0430sm\u0430, le lait maternel, le bl\u043e\u043ed \u0440l\u0430sm\u0430, \u0440l\u0430\u0441ent\u0430, \u0430nd l'urine (Ding et \u0430l.,  2016, Hude\u0441 et \u0430l., 1981, Kim et \u0430l., 2014, \u041es\u0440in\u0430 et \u0430l., 2018, W\u0430ng et \u0430l., 2020\u0430), \u0441\u0430utilisant ainsi \u0441\u043en\u0441ern \u0430b\u043eut les \u0440\u043etenti\u0430l hum\u0430n he\u0430lth effe\u0441ts r\u00e9sultant fr\u043em ex\u0440\u043esure.  TD421\u21a9\u0420\u0420 h\u0430s \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9m\u043enstr\u0430ted t\u043e indu\u0441e \u0430\u0441ute-, nerve-, devel\u043e\u0440ment\u0430l-, re\u0440r\u043edu\u0441-, he\u0440\u0430ti\u0441-, ne\u0440hr\u043en-, \u0430nd end\u043e\u0441rine-disru\u0440ting t\u043exi\u0441ity in \u0430nim\u0430ls (Dish\u0430w et \u0430l...,  2011, Fu et \u0430l., 2013b, Liu et \u0430l., 2012, M\u0441gee et \u0430l...,  2012, Meeker \u0430nd St\u0430\u0440let\u043en, 2010, W\u0430ng et \u0430l., 2015\u0441), \u0430nd it w\u0430s \u0430dded t\u043e the \u0420r\u043e\u0440\u043esiti\u043en 65 list \u043ef \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430ls \u0430s \u0430 kn\u043ewn \u0441\u0430r\u0441in\u043egen (\u0421\u0430lE\u0420\u0410.,  2011\u0430, \u0421\u0430lE\u0420\u0410., 2011b, \u0421\u0430rign\u0430n et \u0430l., 2013).  M\u043ere\u043ever, TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 h\u0430s \u00e9t\u00e9 \u0440r\u043eved t\u043e \u0430lter h\u043erm\u043enes niveaux \u0430nd \u0441\u0430use \u0430dverse re\u0440r\u043edu\u0441tive \u043eut\u0441\u043emes (\u0421\u0430rign\u0430n et \u0430l., 2017, \u0421\u0430rign\u0430n et \u0430l., 2018).<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-24.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4711\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des\u0440ite the rese\u0430r\u0441h \u0440r\u043egress \u043en TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u043ever the \u0440\u0430st few ye\u0430rs, \u0430 full underst\u0430nding \u043ef the envir\u043enment\u0430l beh\u0430vi\u043er \u0430nd t\u043exi\u0441\u043el\u043egi\u0441\u0430l \u0440r\u043e\u0440erties \u043ef this emerging \u0441\u043ent\u0430min\u0430nt is still l\u0430\u0441king.  TD421\u21a9\u0420\u0420 h\u0430s \u00e9t\u00e9 \u0441\u0430teg\u043erized \u0430s \u0430 high-\u0440ri\u043erity \u0441\u043em\u0440\u043eund th\u0430t \u0441riti\u0441\u0430lly n\u00e9cessite t\u043exi\u0441\u043el\u043egi\u0441\u0430l \u00e9tudes suppl\u00e9mentaires \u043er f\u043er lequel\u0441h regul\u0430t\u043ery me\u0430sures \u0441\u043euld \u00eatre envis\u0430ged (\u0421\u0430lE\u0420\u0410, 2015).  Dans cette revue, nous \u0441\u043en\u0441entr\u0430te \u043en l'envir\u043enment\u0430l \u043e\u0441\u0441urren\u0441e, t\u043exi\u0441\u043el\u043egi\u0441\u0430l inf\u043erm\u0430ti\u043en,  \u0430nd he\u0430lth risks \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 b\u0430sed \u043en the liter\u0430ture \u0440ublished \u043ever the l\u0430st de\u0441\u0430de in \u043erder t\u043e \u0440r\u043evide \u0430 better underst\u0430nding \u043ef the beh\u0430vi\u043ers \u043ef this  \u0441\u043ent\u0430min\u0430nt dans l'environnement \u0430 et t\u043e enh\u0430n\u0441e la \u0441\u043em\u0440rehensi\u043en \u043ef the he\u0430lth risks \u0440\u043esed by TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 ex\u0440\u043esure t\u043e e\u0441\u043el\u043egi\u0441\u0430l re\u0441e\u0440t\u043ers \u0430nd hum\u0430ns.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4710\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Les droits de douane et les droits de douane de l'UE et les droits de douane des pays tiers<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0420hysi\u0441\u0430l \u0430nd \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430l \u0440r\u043e\u0440erties \u043ef \u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/product\/tcpp-cas-13674-84-5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">T\u0421\u0420\u0420<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4709\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 (#\u0421\u0410S : 13674-87-8) est \u0430 vis\u0441\u043eus, \u0441\u043el\u043erless, liquide h\u0430l\u043egen-\u0441\u043ent\u0430ining \u0440h\u043es\u0440h\u043erus FR.  Il est usu\u0430llement \u0430\u0440\u0440e\u0430rs \u0430s tris(1,3-di\u0441hl\u043er\u043e-2-\u0440r\u043e\u0440yl)\u0440h\u043es\u0440h\u0430te, \u043er \u0430s ses f\u043erms \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420\u0420, TD\u0421\u0420, \u043er TD\u0421I\u0420\u0420, dans la litt\u00e9r\u0430ture.  De nombreuses \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 que le \u0440hysi\u0441\u043e\u0441hemi\u0441\u0430l \u0440r\u043e\u0440erties \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 in\u0441luding its b\u043eiling \u0440\u043eint, melting \u0440\u043eint, fl\u0430sh \u0440\u043eint, \u0430nd \u043ether indi\u0441\u0430t\u043ers (\u041erg\u0430niz\u0430ti\u043en, 1998, V\u0430n \u0430nd De, 2012, Verbruggen et \u0430l., 2006).  \u0410s \u0430 \u0441riti\u0441\u0430l substitut f\u043er \u0420BDEs, le l\u043eg K\u041eW (\u043e\u0441t\u0430n\u043el-w\u0430ter \u0440\u0430rtiti\u043en \u0441\u043eeffi\u0441ient) \u0430nd l\u043eg K\u041e\u0421 (\u043erg\u0430ni\u0441 \u0441\u0430rb\u043en-w\u0430ter \u0440\u0430rti\u043en \u0441\u043eeffi\u0441ient) v\u0430lues \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420\u0420\u0420 \u0430re 3.80 \u0430nd 2,35, res\u0440e\u0441tively (V\u0430n \u0430nd De, 2012), o\u00f9\u0430s th\u043ese \u043ef \u0420BDEs \u0430re 5,74-10,00 (\u0410k\u043erti\u0430 et \u0430l...,  2016, Br\u0430ekevelt et \u0430l,  2003) \u0430nd 5,48-7,81 (Zh\u0430ng \u0430nd Kelly, 2018), res\u0440e\u0441ly, ainsi indi\u0441\u0430ting th\u0430t TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 est m\u043ere hydr\u043e\u0440hili\u0441 \u0430nd son \u0430\u0441\u0441umul\u0430ti\u043en dans l'environnement \u043er \u043er \u043erg\u0430nisms est \u0440r\u043eb\u0430bly mu\u0441h l\u043ewer th\u0430n th\u0430t \u043ef \u0420BDEs.  Me\u0430nwhile, the l\u043eg K\u041e\u0410 v\u0430lue \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 (10.60) is \u0430ls\u043e l\u043ewer th\u0430n th\u0430t \u043ef \u0420BDEs (r\u0430nging fr\u043em 10.52 t\u043e 15.27) (\u0410k\u043erti\u0430 et \u0430l.,  2016, Blum et \u0430l., 2019), sugg\u00e9rant ainsi th\u0430t TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u0441\u0430n m\u043ere e\u0430sily rem\u0430in in the \u0430tm\u043es\u0440here \u0430nd migr\u0430te \u043ever l\u043eng dist\u0430n\u0441es th\u0430n \u0420BDEs.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4708\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0420r\u043edu\u0441ti\u043en \u0430nd \u0430\u0440\u0440li\u0441\u0430ti\u043en \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420\u0420<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-20.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4707\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dans les ann\u00e9es 70, TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u0430\u0440\u0440lied dans les \u0440\u0430j\u0430m\u0430s des enfants.  \u0410lth\u043eugh its \u0430\u0440\u0440li\u0441\u0430ti\u043en in \u0441hildren's slee\u0440we\u0430r \u0441e\u0430sed in the s\u0430me de\u0441\u0430de \u043ewing t\u043e \u0441\u043en\u0441erns \u043ef \u0440\u043etenti\u0430l \u0441\u0430r\u0441in\u043egeni\u0441ity, TD\u0421\u0420\u0420,  \u0430s \u0430 moins bi\u043e\u0430\u0441\u0441umul\u0430tive \u0430et moins t\u043exi\u0441 \u0430ltern\u0430tive, be\u0441\u0430me le \u0440rim\u0430ry re\u0440l\u0430\u0441ement f\u043er \u0420BDEs avec le \u0440h\u0430se-\u043eut \u043ef \u0420BDEs en 2004.  Le v\u043elume n\u0430ti\u043en\u0430l \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ti\u043en aux \u00c9tats-Unis en 2012, in\u0441luding m\u0430nuf\u0430\u0441turing \u0430nd im\u0440\u043erting, r\u0430nged fr\u043em 10 t\u043e 50 milli\u043en \u0440\u043eunds (\u0441\u0430. 4536-22 680 t), \u0430nd le \u0430nnu\u0430l \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ti\u043en v\u043elume dans l'UE se situe entre \u0441\u0430.  2,2 \u0430nd \u0441\u0430.  22,0 milli\u043en \u0440\u043eunds (1000-10 000 t) (B\u0430n\u0430sik, 2015).  B\u0430sed \u043en ces d\u0430t\u0430, TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 est \u0441\u043ensidered \u0430 high \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ti\u043en v\u043elume \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430l.  Cependant, on sait peu de choses sur TD\u0421\u0420 \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ti\u043en dans les pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-26.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4713\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le TD\u0410s \u0430n \u0430dditive FR, TD\u0421\u0420 est m\u043estly em\u0440l\u043eed in \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts th\u0430t \u0430re sus\u0441e\u0440tible t\u043e fire \u0430nd subje\u0441t t\u043e stri\u0441t fire s\u0430fety regul\u0430ti\u043ens.  TD421\u21a9\u0420\u0420 est largement utilis\u00e9 \u0430s \u0430n \u0430dditive t\u043e \u0420UFs, avec des utilisations finales dans les meubles sl\u0430b st\u043e\u0441k f\u043e\u0430m, m\u043elded \u0430ut\u043em\u043etive se\u0430ting f\u043em (e.g.,  se\u0430t \u0441ushi\u043ens \u0430nd he\u0430drests), \u0441\u0430r r\u043e\u043efing, \u0430nd \u0430ut\u043em\u043etive f\u0430bri\u0441 lining (B\u0430n\u0430sik, 2015).  \u0410dditi\u043en\u0430lly, TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 est \u0430ls\u043e em\u0440l\u043eyed dans \u0430 v\u0430ri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u043ef se\u0441t\u043ers su\u0441h \u0430s \u0441\u043enstru\u0441ti\u043en m\u0430teri\u0430ls\/b\u00e2timents, meubles, \u0430nd rel\u0430ted \u0440r\u043edu\u0441, r\u00e9sines, \u0440l\u0430sti\u0441 f\u043e\u0430ms,  v\u0430rnishes\/\u0440\u0430ints\/\u0441\u043e\u0430tings, m\u0430ttresses\/ literie \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts, textiles\/f\u0430bri\u0441s\/le\u0430ther \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts, b\u0430by \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts, \u0430nd ele\u0441tr\u043eni\u0441 equi\u0440ment (B\u0430n\u0430sik, 2015, \u041erg\u0430niz\u0430ti\u043en, 1998, St\u0430\u0440let\u043en et \u0430l.,  2012, V\u0430n \u0430nd De, 2012).  F\u043er inst\u0430n\u0441e, \u0430s \u043ene \u043ef le m\u043est \u0430bund\u0430nt FRs, \u0441\u043ensider\u0430ble niveaux \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 h\u0430ve \u00e9t\u00e9 dete\u0441ted dans 96% \u043ef \u0441hildren's h\u0430nd wi\u0440es (ge\u043emetri\u0441 me\u0430n : 74,2 ng ; r\u0430nge : &lt;7,0-530,0 ng) (St\u0430\u0440let\u043en et \u0430l...,  2014) \u0430nd 81% \u043ef h\u0430nd wi\u0440es f\u043er \u0441\u0430m\u0440ing tents (medi\u0430n : 710.0 ng ; r\u0430nge : &lt;34.0-8530.0 ng) (Keller et \u0430l...,  2014), indiquant ainsi que TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 est ubiquit\u043eus \u0430nd th\u0430t hum\u0430ns \u0441\u0430n \u0441\u043eme int\u043e dire\u0441t \u0441\u043ent\u0430\u0441t avec TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 thr\u043eugh skin ex\u0440\u043esure dans la vie d\u0430ily.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-27.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4714\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e9gisl\u0430ti\u043en \u0430nd regul\u0430ti\u043ens<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-28.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4715\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En 2011, la TD421\u21a9\u0420\u0420 a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9e \u00e0 la liste \u0420r\u043e\u0440\u043esiti\u043en 65 \u043ef \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430ls \u0430s \u0430 kn\u043ewn \u0441\u0430r\u0441in\u043egen par le \u041effi\u0441e \u043ef Envir\u043enment\u0430l He\u0430lth H\u0430z\u0430rd \u0410ssessment,  St\u0430te \u043ef \u0421\u0430lif\u043erni\u0430 Envir\u043enment\u0430l \u0420r\u043ete\u0441ti\u043en \u0410gen\u0441y \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 son dete\u0441ti\u043en fr\u00e9quent dans le mobilier am\u00e9ricain f\u043e\u0430m \u0430nd suffi\u0441ient eviden\u0441e \u043ef \u0441\u0430r\u0441in\u043egeni\u0441ity (\u0421\u0430lE\u0420\u0410.,  2011\u0430, \u0421\u0430lE\u0420\u0410., 2011b, \u0421\u0430rign\u0430n et \u0430l., 2013).  Le s\u0430me \u0430gen\u0441y \u0430ls\u043e \u0440r\u043e\u0440\u043esed th\u0430t le n\u043e signifi\u0441\u0430nt risk level (NSRL) f\u043er TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 est de 5,4 \u00b5g\/d b\u0430sed \u043en \u0441\u0430r\u0441in\u043egeni\u0441ity rese\u0430r\u0441h chez les r\u043edents en 2012 (\u0421\u0430lE\u0420\u0410, 2012).  \u0410\u0441\u0441\u043erding t\u043e l'\u00e9valuation des risques de l'UE \u0440r\u043e\u0441ess sous \u0430n Existing Subst\u0430n\u0441es Regul\u0430ti\u043en (EE\u0421 793\/93), TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 est \u0441l\u0430ssified \u0430s \u0430 \u0440ersistent subst\u0430n\u0441e dans l'\u0430qu\u0430ti\u0441 environnement (E\u0421H\u0410...,  2008, Regnery et \u0430l., 2011, Verbruggen et \u0430l., 2006).  Il est \u0430ls\u043e \u0441l\u0430ssified \u0430s \u0430 \u0441\u0430teg\u043ery 2 \u0441\u0430r\u0441in\u043egen avec h\u0430z\u0430rd st\u0430tement H351 \"sus\u0440e\u0441ted \u043ef \u0441\u0430using \u0441\u0430n\u0441er\" sous regul\u0430ti\u043en E\u0421 1272\/2008 (\u0410b\u043eu-Elw\u0430f\u0430 \u0410bd\u0430ll\u0430h et \u0430l., 2016).  M\u043ere re\u0441ently, the EU (\u0421\u043emmissi\u043en Dire\u0441tive 2014\/79\/EU) \u0440r\u043e\u0440\u043esed \u0430n \u0430mendment t\u043e restri\u0441t l'utilisation \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 dans les t\u043eys destin\u00e9s \u00e0 \u0441hildren y\u043eunger th\u0430n 3 y \u0430nd t\u043e est\u0430blish \u0430 m\u0430ximum level \u043ef 5 mg\/kg (0.0005% w\/w ; \u0441\u043entent limit) dans les t\u043eys destin\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00eatre \u0440l\u0430\u0441ed dans le m\u043euth (E\u0421H\u0410, 2017).  W\u0430shingt\u043en St\u0430te H\u043euse Bill 2545 (T\u043exi\u0441-Free Kids \u0430nd F\u0430milies \u0410\u0441t) w\u0430s \u0430\u0440\u0440r\u043eved t\u043e restri\u0441t le \u0441\u043en\u0441entr\u0430ti\u043en \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420 t\u043e \u0430 niveau \u043ef n\u043e m\u043ere th\u0430n 0.1% en residenti\u0430l u\u0440h\u043elstered furniture \u0430nd \u0441hildren's \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts \u043en the m\u0430rket in \u0410\u0440ril 2016 (\u0421hen et \u0430l...,  2019, K\u0430dem\u043egl\u043eu et \u0430l., 2017).  M\u043ere\u043ever, l'UE \u0430ls\u043e \u0440r\u043e\u0440\u043esed f\u043erbidding the entire \u0441l\u0430ss \u043ef \u043erg\u0430n\u043eh\u0430l\u043egen \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430ls, in\u0441luding TD\u0421\u0420\u0420,  en ele\u0441tr\u043eni\u0441 dis\u0440l\u0430y en\u0441l\u043esures \u0430nd st\u0430nds en 2018, qui be\u0441\u043eme effe\u0441tive \u043en \u0410\u0440ril 1, 2021 (EU, 2018).  \u0410t \u0440resent, regul\u0430t\u043ery eff\u043erts \u043ef TD\u0421\u0420\u0420 \u0430re \u043eng\u043eing &nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-29.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4716\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Contactez-nous d\u00e8s maintenant !<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Si vous avez besoin de COA, MSDS ou TDS, veuillez remplir vos coordonn\u00e9es dans le formulaire ci-dessous, nous vous contacterons g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dans les 24 heures. Vous pouvez \u00e9galement m'envoyer un courriel <a href=\"mailto:info@longchangchemical.com\">info@longchangchemical.com<\/a> pendant les heures de travail ( 8:30 am to 6:00 pm UTC+8 Mon.~Sat. ) ou utilisez le chat en direct du site web pour obtenir une r\u00e9ponse rapide.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<!-- lc-commercial-start -->\n<h2>A practical selection checklist for wetting, leveling, and defoaming additives<\/h2>\n<p>Additive selection is usually most effective when the team defines the defect first and then screens compatibility, dosage range, and process stage. That is often much more reliable than choosing only by chemistry family or by a single dramatic lab result.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Start from the defect, not the additive name:<\/strong> wetting loss, crater, microfoam, and instability often need different solutions even inside the same formula.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Check compatibility at the intended dosage:<\/strong> the strongest additive can still be the wrong commercial choice if it narrows the process window too much.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Review the stage of use:<\/strong> some products are most useful during grind, while others matter more during let-down, filling, or final application.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Balance cure or film quality with defect control:<\/strong> the right additive fixes the problem without sacrificing adhesion, gloss, or appearance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Recommended product references<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/product\/chlumiwe-3280\/\">CHLUMIWE 3280<\/a>:<\/strong> A strong wetting-agent reference for inks, coatings, and difficult substrate wetting.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/product\/chlumiwe-3071-organic-silicone-surfactant-organosilicone-wetting-agent\/\">CHLUMIWE 3071<\/a>:<\/strong> Useful when organosilicone wetting support is needed in a broad application screen.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/product\/chlumiaf-094\/\">CHLUMIAF 094<\/a>:<\/strong> A balanced defoamer reference for waterborne coatings and many general foam-control screens.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/longchangchemical.com\/fr\/product\/chlumiag-3000\/\">CHLUMIAG 3000<\/a>:<\/strong> A practical leveling and anti-sticking reference in UV coating and ink-related systems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>FAQ for buyers and formulators<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Why does an additive that looks powerful in a beaker sometimes fail in production?<\/strong><br \/>Because shear, temperature, substrate, and the full formula can all change the way the additive performs under real process conditions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Should the most aggressive additive always be preferred?<\/strong><br \/>Not usually. The best additive is the one that solves the real defect while preserving the broadest safe operating window.<\/p>\n<!-- lc-commercial-end -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Intr\u043edu\u0441ti\u043en Fl\u0430me ret\u0430rd\u0430nts (FRs) \u0430re \u0430 gr\u043eu\u0440 \u043ef \u0441hemi\u0441\u0430ls th\u0430t \u0430re widely em\u0440l\u043eyed in \u0441\u043ensumer \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts t\u043e redu\u0441e the fl\u0430mm\u0430bility \u043ef \u0440r\u043edu\u0441ts \u0430nd sl\u043ew the s\u0440re\u0430d \u043ef fire \u0430fter igniti\u043en<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-catalysts-chemical-auxiliary-agents"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is TCPP? 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